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51.
我国西部地区水资源问题与对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
彭立颖 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2000,(Z1)
我国西部地区水资源短缺、水土流失等问题严重制约了该地区的经济发展。如何合理开发利用有限的水资源,促进西部地区的可持续发展已成为当务之急。本文分析了西部地区的水资源现状,并提出旨在促进西部地区水资源可持续利用的对策。 相似文献
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Yearly, about 22 × 1012 g phosphorus (P) from mined fossil phosphate resources are added to the world economy. The size of remaining fossil phosphate resources is uncertain but practically finite. Thus, fossil P resources may become depleted by ongoing mining. Despite calls for resource conservation, fossil P resources have been depleted at an increasing rate. Geographically, fossil P supply and demand are distributed in an increasingly uneven way, which has geopolitical consequences and may well affect security of supply. Current use of P gives rise to negative environmental impacts due to P losses from the economy and contaminants derived from fossil P resources. There may also be negative impacts on human health. Reducing the demand for fossil phosphorus may reduce environmental burdens and may improve the future security of supply. Technically speaking, there is much scope for the reduction of current demand for fossil P resources. Limiting consumption of P to essential uses, increased efficiency of agricultural use and increased recycling of P may substantially contribute to the reduction of demand for fossil P resources. Recycling of P has to face concerns regarding the efficiency of P recovery, pathogenic organisms and contaminating substances. Much work remains to be done to effectively address those concerns. 相似文献
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In recent years, significant advances have been made in business organization and management. The growing demands of clients as well as the globalization of world markets are among the many factors that have led to the establishment of systems of quality control and environmental management as a competitive strategy for businesses. When compared to other professional sectors, the construction sector has been slower to respond to environmental problems and to adopt Environmental Management Systems (EMS). In the world today the ISO 14001 standard is currently the main frame of reference used by construction companies to implement this type of management system. This article presents the results of a general study regarding the evaluation of the application of the ISO 14001 standard at civil engineering construction worksites in the Community of Madrid (Spain), specifically pertaining to requirement 4.4.1, Resources, roles, responsibilities, and authority. According to requirement 4.4.1, company executives should appoint people responsible for implementing the EMS and also specify their responsibilities and functions. The personnel designated for supervising environmental work should also have sufficient authority to establish and maintain the EMS. The results obtained were the following: - EMS supervisors did not generally possess adequate training and solid experience in construction work and in the environment. Furthermore, supervisors were usually forced to combine their environmental work with other tasks, which made their job even more difficult. - Generally speaking, supervisors were not given sufficient authority and autonomy because productivity at the construction site had priority over environmental management. This was due to the fact that the company management did not have a respectful attitude toward the environment, nor was the management actively involved in the establishment of the EMS. - Insufficient resources were allocated to the Environmental Management Unit. As a result, the application of EMSs in construction projects often appeared to be more of a formality, which was merely a way of maintaining the certification of the Environmental Management System. It was more a means of meeting the requirements for submitting a tender to contracting organisms rather than an indicator of any real commitment to improving the environmental performance of construction companies. 相似文献
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60年来的资源科学:从自然资源综合考察到资源科学综合研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
走过60年,资源科学研究已从最初的自然资源综合考察发展成了一门综合性的资源科学学科体系。期间,国家先后编制了7次科技发展规划,尤以《1956—1967年科学技术发展远景规划》和《1978—1985年全国科学技术发展规划纲要》对资源科学的形成与发展影响最大。前者推动了中国自然资源综合考察事业的形成与发展,后者促进了中国资源科学考察事业的发展与壮大,进而推动了资源科学的形成与发展。60年来的中国资源科学可以初步划分为大规模的自然资源综合考察时期(1950—1960年代)、区域资源综合科学考察与资源科学研究时期(1970—1980年代)和资源科学学科体系的形成与发展时期(1990—2000年代)等三个阶段;2000年前后中国资源科技工作者先后完成的《中国自然资源丛书》、《中国资源科学百科全书》和《资源科学》等三项标志性成果的出版,为我国建立资源科学体系奠定了科学基础;2008年《资源科学技术名词》正式颁布,必将进一步促进中国资源科学的发展与完善。 相似文献
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资源科学的创建与发展,中国自然资源学会起到了十分重要的作用。论文以中国自然资源学会组织或参与组织的我国创建与发展资源科学的四项最重要的基础性工作为主线,即中国资源科学的实践总结——《中国自然资源丛书》、中国资源科学大型理论工具书——《中国资源科学百科全书》、中国资源科学启蒙作——《资源科学》专著、资源科学概念的语言符号——《资源科学技术名词》,从每项工作的撰写背景、组织机构、主要内容、社会评价等方面入手,揭示了资源科学的创建与发展历程,总结了学会发展与学科建设的关系。 相似文献
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