Environmental life cycle assessment of different types of the municipal wastewater pipeline network

With the onset of social life, humans have considered waste disposal as essential, and they have been able to repel it through brick and clay channels. Checking sewage pipes for energy consumption and a longer lifetime than other sewage system components is important. Climate change and exploitation of industrial resources have made environmental impacts, which are important factors in decision making. The purpose of this study was to introduce the most suitable type of sewage pipe considering environmental protection. Therefore, we applied the environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) method, using Sima Pro 8.2.3 software for the one-kilometer length of concrete pipes (300 mm in diameter), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyethylene (PE) (315 mm in diameter). Also, the BEES method and sensitivity analysis were used to validate the results. The comparison between three types of municipal wastewater pipes indicated that PE pipes are a more environmentally friendly option than PVC, and concrete pipes in pipe recycling, reducing extraction from untapped resources, and inefficient extraction of resources. Electricity, diesel fuel, and sulfate resistance cement consumption for concrete production are the most pollution elements in the LCA of concrete pipes. Usage of PVC granular, sanitary landfill of PVC pipes, and using hydraulic drill in LCA of PVC pipes are the most elements of generating pollution. The usage of PE granules, PE pipes landfilling, hydraulic excavator, and electricity consumption in the LCA of the PE pipes are the greatest polluting parameters.     

土壤盐分变化对N2O排放影响：基于Meta分析

N₂O是导致臭氧层空洞和全球变暖的主要大气污染物,农业生产活动是其主要来源,而土壤盐分则是影响N₂O排放的关键因素.基于21篇同行评议文献中528对实验组及对照组形成的数据集,运用R语言Metafor软件包进行Meta分析,进而评估土壤盐分对土壤N₂O排放的影响.结果表明,土壤盐分累积对N₂O排放量有显著正效应,中度和高度盐渍土N₂O排放量比非盐渍土高75.57%和28.85%.室内培养实验测定结果表明,林地和农田的土壤盐渍化导致N₂O排放量增加124.79%和131.64%,而野外定位监测试验结果表明,草地、裸地和农田中,土壤盐分对N₂O排放的影响均不显著.盐分对N₂O排放的影响趋势则因土壤(NH₄⁺∶NO₃^-)、p H、土壤砂粒含量和粉粒含量的差异而发生改变,影响程度依次是：(NH₄⁺     

测控系统及组态软件在危险环境中的应用

为了及时有效地监测与控制危险环境中的易燃易爆危险品,设计并组建了实验室条件下模拟监控应用系统,通过组态软件完成实时监测与控制.对模拟试验中数据处理方法和参数设计也进行了相关研究.     

基于行为安全理论的化工事故统计及分析

行为安全理论是事故分析和预防的理论和方法,应用基于行为安全理论的事故致因“2-4”模型对10起化工事故的直接、间接、根本、根源原因进行分析。结果表明:该模型是化工事故分析的有效方法。10起事故的直接原因主要为一线员工在涉及高温加热工艺、带压设备、有毒有害环境和动火作业中的违规违章操作,管理人员未建立或运行安全管理体系等不安全动作及不安全物态,且不安全物态与管理人员不安全行为有关;间接原因是一线员工缺乏岗位安全操作等知识,管理人员缺乏安全管理、技术等知识,导致其安全意识薄弱,养成不良的安全习惯;根本原因是组织安全教育等管理程序缺失和执行不力;根源原因是组织成员对安全的重要度等安全文化元素缺乏理解。     

吉林市城区土地利用对地下水污染空间分布的影响

利用吉林市城区91眼监测井2013年的地下水水质监测数据,采用改进内梅罗污染指数法求取地下水污染指数,同时考虑第二松花江两岸地下水污染的非连续性,采用Kriging方法进行分区插值,然后叠加融合得出城区地下水污染指数空间分布图.结合吉林市城区土地利用类型,采用CM模型和SLM模型提取监测井不同半径范围内的土地利用类型,利用多元回归分析方法确定监测井最可能受污染的范围,最后利用Kendall 秩次相关检验法和回归分析方法分析城区土地利用类型对地下水污染空间分布的影响.研究结果表明,吉林市城区地下水污染呈现出明显的空间分布特征;城区地下水受到不同程度的污染,其中江北片区和中心片区较为严重;在考虑地下水流动的情况下,监测井最可能受污染的范围为沿地下水流向方向500m;吉林市城区土地利用类型对地下水污染空间分布有较大影响,其中传统工业用地、居民和商业用地、城市交通设施用地为主要因素,其Kendall 秩次相关检验τ值分别为0.248、0.174、0.143;在各研究片区,该3种土地利用类型和地下水污染空间分布也存在较好的相关性.     

机房安全监控系统软件浅析

计算机机房的安全监控软件可分为本地监控软件和远程监控软件两大类,分别就目前这两类软件的特点及其发展趋势做了比较和分析,为用户选择安全监控软件提供了参考和建议。     

Statistical interpolation model for the description of ground pollution due to the TCDD produced in the 1976 chemical accident at seveso in the heavily contaminated zone “A”;

The influence of NTA on chromium genetic activity was studied in the D7 strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At low dose (subgenotoxic) of sodium chromate (CrVI) (5mM), NTA increased the point mutation while at higher dose (25 mM) of chromate in the presence of NTA a decrease of point reverse mutation was observed. Probably NTA affected either the uptake of Cr(VI) favouring the intracellular reduction to Cr(III), or the recombinational repair of DNA breaks induced by chromate oxiding activity.

An increase of point (reverse) mutation was obtained in the experiments with NTA and chromium chloride, suggesting the hypothesis that NTA might interact with Cr(III) forming NTA‐Cr(III) complexes able to permeate cellular membranes and bind to DNA. In addition NTA genetic inactivity was confirmed.     

Databanks of data sources for environmental chemicals

There exist a vast variety of data sources, either manual sources or computerized databases in the field of environmental chemicals. To facilitate the access and to retrieve the information wanted efficiently, we built up two “databanks of data sources”, one called “Databank of Manual Sources (DMAS)” and the other named “Databank of Databases (DADB)”. The set‐up of these databanks is explained and the load status statistics are shown. DMAS has 164 and DADB 106 hits.     

Fluent软件在地表水源热泵系统温排水数值模拟中的运用

运用Fluent软件对重庆市嘉陵江化龙桥段瑞安新天地江水水源热泵系统尾水排入受纳水域的过程进行二维数值模拟,选取Fluent中非耦合、隐式求解器对模型内的定常流动进行求解,得出受纳水域受水源热泵系统温排水影响后的温升面积和温度梯度。结果表明:在温排水流量为2.0×103 m3/h、温差为4℃的条件下,计算该水域沿水流方向温升超过1℃的最大影响距离为150.4 m,温升超过1℃的水域面积约为1 525 m2,为模拟江水面积的8.59%。选取1℃温升值作为温升带的边界控制值,并在热泵系统最大负荷工况下,根据W=Q×ΔT计算研究水域热环境容量为19.402 m3.℃/s,剩余热环境容量为17.736 m3.℃/s。根据地表水环境质量标准,该工程温排水量小于受纳水域的热承载力,不会对受纳水域生态环境造成热污染。     

热电行业利用软件管理实现节能降耗

热电行业是我国经济体系中的能耗大户、污染大户,如何在热电行业中做到节能减排、清洁生产,关系到我国的可持续发展。利用软件技术在热电行业中实施清洁生产的管理,实践中证明能实现节能降耗,为同行业开展清洁生产工作提供了新思路。