Na_2CO_3对回填材料膨润土的改型效果分析

以新疆柯尔碱膨润土为原料,加入不同比例的Na2CO3改型剂,研究改型剂添加对膨润土胶质价、膨胀容和pH值的影响。另外,考虑到压实膨润土的非饱和渗透特性对于评价缓冲回填材料性能具有重要意义,故采用压力膜仪测量压实Na2CO3改型膨润土和原土的土水特征曲线,分析研究二者基质吸力随体积含水率变化的相关关系。实验结果显示,添加Na2CO3改型剂可以增大膨润土的胶质价、膨胀容和pH值,成功地将膨润土中的钙蒙脱石转化为钠蒙脱石,其对柯尔碱膨润土pH值的作用效果满足地质处置库对缓冲回填材料的要求;改型后膨润土的持水能力明显大于原土。     

氯化钠/纳米疏水二氧化硅超细干粉制备及灭火性能研究

选用氯化钠为基体制备金属火灾超细干粉灭火剂。应用反溶剂法对其改性,使纳米疏水二氧化硅吸附在氯化钠晶体表面,其中分散剂为PEG-1000。结果表明,纳米疏水二氧化硅的添加有利于细化氯化钠颗粒,但过量的添加会起反作用,最佳用量为3 wt%左右,平均粒径为2.18μm。镁片灭火实验证明超细复合干粉的灭火性能明显好于传统氯化钠灭火剂(商用D类灭火剂),纳米疏水二氧化硅最佳添加量为3 wt%,此时灭火时间仅需传统灭火剂的一半。最后利用FDS5.0模拟干粉颗粒与燃烧火焰作用过程,模拟结果表明干粉覆盖对火焰具有一定的抑制效果,并分析了复合干粉灭火机理。     

Renewable biomass gel reinforced core-shell dry water material as novel fire extinguishing agent

This work explores the feasibility of using chitosan (CS)-sodium alginate (SA) crosslinking gel to reinforce dry water (DW) composites. The stability and fire extinguishing efficiency of the DW powder are investigated. Compared to ordinary DW material, water loss rate of the modified DW composite is decreased, and its pressure resistance and stability are significantly increased. Moreover, it possesses higher fire extinguishing efficiency than conventional dry powder. Fire extinguishing mechanism and gel formation mechanism are proposed. The improvement in stability has great significance for the storage and transportation of DW materials. These results demonstrate the ability to create a fully green and renewable crosslinking gel capable of endowing high stability to DW material. This work provides a novel solution to improve the stability of DW materials, which will have great application prospect in fire suppression of some flammable hazardous chemicals.     

不同絮凝剂处理焦化废水的研究

相同条件下用3种常用的聚硅酸盐类絮凝剂（PASS，PZSS，PFSC）和高铁酸钠（Na2FeO4）处理焦化废水，实验结果表明，除聚硅酸铝在去浊方面优于高铁酸钠外，高铁酸钠无论在CODCr、色度去除率及固体悬浮物生成量等方面均优于聚硅酸盐类絮凝剂。     

一种新型烟气脱硫技术在燃煤锅炉上的扩大试验

介绍了用硫化碱加TFS添加剂进行燃煤锅炉煤气脱硫并副产硫代硫酸钠的中试成果。     

钠钙交换体对心肌保护作用的研究进展

心肌钠钙交换体是引起胞内钙超载的重要原因.简要综述了钠钙交换体的的结构特征、生理功能、病理作用以及在心肌保护方面的研究新进展.NCX反向转运的激活可能是心肌缺血预适应产生心脏保护作用的机制之一.     

Removal of ofloxacin antibiotic using heterogeneous Fenton process over modified alginate beads

The aim of this work is to study the heterogeneous oxidative degradation of ofloxacin antibiotic using a composite material prepared from sodium alginate and cyclohexane dinitrilo tetraacetic acid(CDTA). The characterization tests indicated the successful incorporation of metal chelator and iron. It was also demonstrated that the synthesized beads are mesoporous. The influence of several experimental parameters(i.e.: H2O2 dose,working temperature, beads loading and initial drug concentration) on the process performances was evaluated. The reaction temperature significantly affects the drug conversion efficiency. It was also observed that the synthesized material was efficient toward the target antibiotic degradation in the presence of small quantities of hydrogen peroxide. Under optimum conditions(0.05 g of granules, initial drug concentration = 10 mg/L,25 μL of 10 mmol/L H2O2), conducted in a batch reaction, 94% degradation of ofloxacin was reached. The results also indicate that the composite material showed a reasonable stability;a relatively low decrease of activity after four successive runs(only 9%) and a negligible iron leaching(0.8%) have been observed. The synthesized composite material offered interesting advantages in terms of simplicity, good stability, ease of recovery from the liquid medium after use and its efficiency in the presence of low quantities of oxidant. It constitutes a good candidate in the water treatment area.     

Examination of in vivo mutagenicity of sodium arsenite and dimethylarsinic acid in gpt delta rats

Arsenic is a well-known human bladder and liver carcinogen, but its exact mechanism of carcinogenicity is not fully understood. Dimethylarsinic acid(DMAV) is a major urinary metabolite of sodium arsenite(i As~Ⅲ) and induces urinary bladder cancers in rats. DMAVand i As~Ⅲare negative in in vitro mutagenicity tests. However, their in vivo mutagenicities have not been determined. The purpose of present study is to evaluate the in vivo mutagenicities of DMAVand i As~Ⅲin rat urinary bladder epithelium and liver using gpt delta F344 rats.Ten-week old male gpt delta F344 rats were randomized into 3 groups and administered 0,92 mg/L DMAV, or 87 mg/L i As~Ⅲ(each 50 mg/L As) for 13 weeks in the drinking water. In the mutation assay, point mutations are detected in the gpt gene by 6-thioguanine selection(gpt assay) and deletion mutations are identified in the red/gam genes by Spi-selection(Spi-assay). Results of the gpt and Spi-assays showed that DMAVand i As~Ⅲhad no effects on the mutant frequencies or mutation spectrum in urinary bladder epithelium or liver. These findings indicate that DMAVand i As~Ⅲare not mutagenic in urinary bladder epithelium or liver in rats.     

SBBR工艺外加碳源乙酸钠脱氮效果的实验研究

试验选取乙酸钠为外加碳源,采用SBBR工艺处理低C/N比城市生活污水。当外加碳源后的C/N比值增加至7.0左右时,对原水NH_4~+-N去除率最高为89.31%,外加碳源后的C/N为7.12时,TN的去除率最好,去除率为71.27%。结果表明,外加乙酸钠碳源后的SBBR工艺对于低C/N生活污水脱氮性能良好。出水水质指标均达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)中的"一级标准A标准",出水可作为回用水。     

Leaching of arsenic from coal fly ashes 2. Arsenic pre‐leaching with sodium gluconate solution

The present study deals with the development of an efficient and reliable process for safe disposal of coal fly ash to remove arsenic that has been found to be the most easily leachable and hazardous heavy metal in coal fly ash. Pre‐leaching of fly ash prior to disposal by a natural chelating agent, sodium gluconate (SG), was proposed and studied. Several operational factors influencing arsenic leachability, such as concentration of SG solution, liquid to solid ratio, pH, length of leaching time and leaching temperature were examined. Arsenic was found to leach out substantially with SG, but almost no further release was observed from the ash pre‐leached by SG. After the pre‐leaching treatment, the desirable high buffering capacity of the ash was well sustained. SG solution was effectively regenerated by activated alumina adsorption so that it could be successfully reused for multiple leaching/adsorption cycles.