Competition between phenanthrene, chrysene, and 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl for high-energy adsorption sites in a sediment

We determined the maximum amounts of added phenanthrene, chrysene, and 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl sorbed onto high-energy adsorption sites in a sediment on bi-solute experiments. The bi-solute pairs were phenanthrene/chrysene and phenanthrene/2,5-dichlorobiphenyl. On the bi-solute sorption experiments, one solute was introduced and equilibrated with sediment prior to addition of the second solute. The values for the maximum amounts adsorbed onto high-energy sites revealed that, after equilibration of the first solute, still some high-energy sites could be occupied by the second solute. Phenanthrene, chrysene, and 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl seem to share about 30% of the accessible high-energy adsorption sites in the sediment employed.     

浅议新大气排放标准发布后火电厂竣工验收监测

2011年7月29日《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》发布后,现有火电厂的“三同时”竣工验收监测需执行新标准中的相关规定。新标准还增加了敏感点环境空气的监测,敏感点的确定可参照环评,根据实际情况布设。新标准中未明确指明“重点地区”指哪些行政区划,为此,本文建议需要在新标准中进一步明确“重点地区”指哪些省等行政区域,以利于新标准的执行。     

藻类对有机污染物生物吸附的研究进展

随着工业的迅猛发展,越来越多的有毒有机污染物被排放到环境中,进而引起一系列环境问题。大量研究表明,生物吸附已经成为去除有毒有机污染物的重要方法,而藻类作为一种理想的生物吸附剂,具有良好的吸附和降解有机污染物的能力。概述了藻类对染料、酚类、多环芳烃三种具有代表性的有毒有机污染物的生物吸附。     

微生物和酶在降解环境有机污染物中的应用

介绍了生物修复有机污染的土壤和水体的研究进展,对微生物和酶处理的技术进行了详细讨论。降解有机物的微生物以白腐真菌为代表,可有效降解多环芳烃;降解有机物的酶以过氧化物酶和水解酶为代表,分别能够降解芳香族化合物和有机农药。     

光助芬顿反应催化降解气体中甲苯

以甲苯作为挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)的代表,利用连续进气动态实验装置,研究光助芬顿反应降解气体中甲苯的作用.考察了芬顿试剂溶液初始p H、H2O2浓度、Fe2+浓度以及甲苯初始浓度对降解甲苯的影响,并利用在线质谱和色谱对产物进行了定性、定量分析.结果表明,紫外光照加快了羟基自由基的生成,显著提高了气体中甲苯的去除率;p H=3.0、H2O2浓度为20 mmol·L-1、Fe2+浓度为0.3 mmol·L-1的条件下,甲苯去除率最高;当甲苯初始浓度为260 mg·m-3时,去除率能够达到98%;光助芬顿反应催化降解气体中甲苯实验未检测到CO2之外的中间产物,CO2产率分析表明去除的甲苯全部转化为CO2.     

染料探针技术对二级出水中优势污染物的定量检测

分别以刚果红和中性红为染料探针,建立了牛血清蛋白质(BSA)和海藻酸多糖(SA)含量与共振光散射(RLS)发射光谱强度间的线性关系;以甲苯胺蓝为染料探针,建立了腐殖酸(HA)含量与紫外吸光度间的线性关系;优化了3种标准物质的检测浓度范围及溶液p H值条件;考察了染料探针分析方法对标准物的二元和三元混合样品中的回收率.结果表明在适宜的浓度范围内,BSA、HA、SA浓度与染料探针光谱强度间的线性相关系数R0.98,3种标准物在混合样品中的回收率不小于95%,标准误差低于0.11%.以紫外光谱和3D-EEM光谱特征作为城市污水二级出水样品中蛋白质、多糖和腐殖酸的定性依据,确认了4种二级出水样品中的优势污染物.通过染料-探针技术与国标法测得的多糖和蛋白质质量浓度的相对偏差在1.2%~0.04%之间.     

我国大气污染源排放清单发展历程和对策建议

为进一步推动我国大气污染源排放清单的发展,详细回顾了我国大气污染源排放清单的发展历程及面临的挑战.我国大气污染源排放清单起步于20世纪80年代,2000年之后尤其是2014年,原环境保护部发布了一系列大气污染源排放清单编制技术指南,使我国大气污染源排放清单工作得到了迅速发展.30多年来基本形成了结合我国实际情况的大气污染源分类、大气污染物排放系数、大气污染物排放量确定方法等大气污染源排放清单相关技术方法.但目前我国尚未建立起排放清单编制的规范化工作程序,国家、省级和城市级环保部门在大气污染源排放清单工作中的分工尚不明晰,清单编制没有融入日常环境管理工作中,现有排放清单工作和研究成果相对分散、缺乏系统性,排放清单对环境管理的支撑作用尚未得到充分发挥.在综合分析了我国大气污染源排放清单取得的进展和面临挑战的基础上,提出如下建议:进一步完善我国大气污染源排放清单技术体系,使排放清单工作制度化、程序化、规范化,明确国家、省级和城市级环保部门在大气污染源排放清单工作中发挥的作用,使大气污染源排放清单成为各级环保部门每年必须完成的工作;进一步推广结合网格化管理、基于区县和乡镇调研的城市大气污染源排放清单编制技术;加强排放清单校核和不确定性分析研究等.      

某工业园区VOCs臭氧生成潜势及优控物种

臭氧(O3)污染日趋严重,控制光化学反应前体物之一的挥发性有机污染物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)对减少臭氧生成有重要意义.为研究天津某工业园区VOCs臭氧生成潜势,采集了园区6个代表企业厂界气体样品,使用质子转移反应飞行时间质谱仪(PTR-TOF-MS)对VOCs进行了定量分析,估算了各企业臭氧生成潜势,运用VOCs/NO_x研究了臭氧生成控制敏感性因素,并在熵值法基础上筛选出了减少臭氧生成优先控制VOCs物种.结果表明,通过PEC法估算臭氧生成F企业最高为0.423 3 mg·m~(-3),MIR法估算结果 C企业最高为1.573 3 mg·m~(-3);PEC法估算结果与臭氧浓度更接近,适用于园区对臭氧生成的估算;VOCs和NOx均为工业园区臭氧生成敏感性因素,需同时控制;园区内VOCs物种臭氧生成贡献大小为烷烃烯炔烃醇类芳香烃,优先控制物种为正庚烷及其同分异构体、正壬烷、正辛烷及其同分异构体、正十一烷、戊烷、正癸烷、甲醇.     

微塑料对环境中有机污染物吸附解吸的研究进展

微塑料已成为新的全球性环境污染问题。作为强吸附剂,微塑料可以吸附共存的有机污染物,进而改变其环境行为和毒性;也可以通过解吸作用促进污染物在不同介质中的迁移。因而,微塑料与有机污染物的相互作用强度和机理是全面评估两者的环境风险和深度研究微塑料毒性机制的必要信息。目前微塑料研究处于快速发展的起始阶段,加之微塑料本身成分、粒径、表面风化情况的复杂性及共存有机污染物的多样性使两者的相互作用十分复杂,亟需理清微塑料吸附解吸作用的影响因素和相关机制。因而,本文详细综述了微塑料对有机污染物吸附解吸作用的研究进展,并着重从微塑料性质(成分、粒径和表面风化)、有机污染物性质和水环境介质性质方面探讨了吸附的影响因素和相互作用机制,希望为微塑料吸附有机污染物及吸附的后续影响研究提供借鉴与参考。     

Carbon nanotubes-incorporated MIL-88B-Fe as highly efficient Fenton-like catalyst for degradation of organic pollutants

CNTs were incorporated into MIL-88B-Fe to get a new Fenton-like catalyst (C@M). Fe(II) was introduced in C@M to get a fast initiation of Fenton-like reaction. Fe(II) content in C@M was related with oxygen-containing functional groups on CNTs. C@M shows efficient catalytic degradation of pollutants over a wide pH range. Iron-based metal organic frameworks have been verified to be efficient heterogeneous Fenton catalysts due to their open pore channels and highly uniform distribution of metallic centers. In these catalysts, however, the iron element is mainly in the form of Fe(III), which results in a process required to reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II) to initiate Fenton reaction. To address this problem, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with electron-rich oxygen-functional groups on the surface were incorporated into the metal organic frameworks (MIL-88B-Fe) to improve Fe(II) content for an enhanced Fenton-like performance. The prepared CNT@MIL-88B-Fe (C@M) showed much stronger catalytic ability toward H₂O₂ than MIL-88B-Fe. The pseudo-first-order kinetic constant for phenol degradation by C@M (0.32 min^–1) was about 7 times that of MIL-88B-Fe, and even higher than or comparable to the values of reported heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts. Moreover, the Fenton-like system could effectively degrade various kinds of refractory organic pollutants and exhibited excellent catalytic activity over a wide pH range (4–9). XPS analysis confirmed that Fe(II) content of the catalyst gradually increased with CNT loadings. Electron spin resonance analysis showed that the signal intensity (•OH) of C@M was much higher than MIL-88B-Fe, which was consistent with the degradation efficiency of pollutants. Furthermore, the Fe(II) content of the catalyst gradually increased along with the oxygen-functional group content of CNTs. The result demonstrated that oxygen-containing functional groups of CNTs have a significant impact on the enhanced catalytic performance of C@M. This study provides a new insight to enhance Fenton reaction by using nanocarbon materials.