月球紫外-可见-近红外反射光谱的基本特征及解析方法

月球紫外-可见-近红外反射光谱(强度,反照率以及吸收特征)是研究月球表面物质组成的重要手段。文章简要介绍了月球表面反射光谱的基本特征、形成机制以及现有月球反射光谱数据及其解析方法。这些方法主要有光谱参数、连续背景扣除、高斯反卷积分析以及主成分分析。还讨论了高光谱探测器在月球探测中的应用前景、已有方案以及获取新的月球样品对月球反射光谱研究的重要性。     

城市生活污水偏振反射特性研究

人类正面临着水污染的严峻挑战,其中生活污水是水污染的一大来源。研究城市生活污水的液面偏振反射特性．对于水资源的监测与利用、环境生态保护都具有重大理论意义和应用前景。本文选取不同浓度的三个生活污水样本,应用二向反射光度计测了不同样本在2π空间的多角度偏振反射光谱数据,建立探测方位角、光线入射角、探测天顶角、偏振角、波段等方面对所测水体的偏振反射数据的关系,并进行了初步分析与研究.这为偏振遥感在水资源环境上的应用奠定了实验基础,并对生活污水的偏振光遥感进行了初步研究。     

赤潮对近岸水体生物光学特性的影响

研究了赤潮对近岸水体生物光学特性的影响.从大连湾采集11个站位的水体生物光学数据,分析了赤潮发生时生物要素、反射光谱以及吸收光谱的变化特征.结果表明,大连湾本次赤潮由微微型藻类引起;赤潮对水体遥感反射率的光谱形状影响明显,与正常水体相比,由于高浓度叶绿素a的强吸收作用,导致440、632 nm波段附近出现反射谷,红光波...     

不同方法估算太湖叶绿素a浓度对比研究

基于2006-01-07～2006-01-09和2006-07-29～2006-08-01太湖地面实测高光谱数据以及同步水质参数数据,对比分析了三波段模型、两波段模型、反射峰位置法、一阶微分法4种方法用于估算太湖叶绿素a浓度的精度,并讨论其应用于遥感影像中估算叶绿素a浓度的可行性. 2次采样3类水色参数总悬浮物、叶绿素a浓度和有色可溶性有机物在440 nm处吸收系数的变化范围分别为12.24～285.20 mg·L^-1、 4.83～155.11 μg·L^-1和0.27～2.36 m^-1.前述4种方法在反演太湖水体的叶绿素a浓度时都取得较高的精度;决定系数分别为：0.813、 0.838、 0.872、 0.819,均方根误差分别为：13.04、 12.12、 13.41、 12.13 μg·L^-1;相对误差分别为：35.5%、 34.9%、 24.6%、 41.8%.反射峰位置法估算精度最高,但应用到叶绿素a浓度遥感影像估算比较困难.三波段模型和两波段模型的反演结果优于传统的一阶微分法,且在卫星遥感反演中具有良好的应用前景.根据模拟MERIS数据,分别得到最优三波段模型［R^-1(665)-R^-1(709)］×R(754)和两波段模型R(709)/R(681),其决定系数、均方根误差、相对误差分别为0.788、 13.87 μg·L^-1、 37.3%和0.815、 12.96 μg·L^-1、 34.8%,反映了MERIS数据能非常好地应用于太湖这类浑浊二类水体叶绿素a浓度的精确估算.     

Predicting the elemental compositions of solid waste using ATR-FTIR and machine learning

● A method based on ATR-FTIR and ML was developed to predict CHNS contents in waste. ● Feature selection methods were used to improve models’ prediction accuracy. ● The best model predicted C, H, and N contents with accuracy R ² ≥ 0.93, 0.87, 0.97. ● Some suitable models showed insensitivity to spectral noise. ● Under moisture interference, the models still had good prediction performance. Elemental composition is a key parameter in solid waste treatment and disposal. This study has proposed a method based on infrared spectroscopy and machine learning algorithms that can rapidly predict the elemental composition (C, H, N, S) of solid waste. Both noise and moisture spectral interference that may occur in practical application are investigated. By comparing two feature selection methods and five machine learning algorithms, the most suitable models are selected. Moreover, the impacts of noise and moisture on the models are discussed, with paper, plastic, textiles, wood, and leather as examples of recyclable waste components. The results show that the combination of the feature selection and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) approaches exhibits the best prediction performance and generalization ability. Particularly, the coefficient of determination (R²) of the validation set, cross validation and test set are higher than 0.93, 0.89, and 0.97 for predicting the C, H, and N contents, respectively. Further, KNN is less sensitive to noise. Under moisture interference, the combination of feature selection and support vector regression or partial least-squares regression shows satisfactory results. Therefore, the elemental compositions of solid waste are quickly and accurately predicted under noise and moisture disturbances using infrared spectroscopy and machine learning algorithms.     

非金属材料的氙灯曝露试验概述

氙灯曝露试验是非金属材料的耐候性和耐光性测试的主要方法之一,本文着重介绍了氙灯曝露试验的原理、试验条件在当前的氙灯曝露试验设备上的物理实现、主要的氙灯试验标准以及氙灯曝露试验应考虑的因素.     

基于稀疏表达的水体遥感反射率高光谱重构及其应用

高光谱重构技术可以有效地突破多光谱卫星传感器波段设置的限制,获得更多更有效的地物光谱信息.本研究基于稀疏表达方法提出了一种针对水体遥感反射率的高光谱重构算法,以太湖、杭州湾的原位水体光谱数据为数据源,在5种常用水色传感器(Sentinel-2A MSI、MERIS、MODIS Aqua、GOCI以及ⅦRS)上进行了高光谱重构实验,最后将该算法应用于GOCI数据,进行了算法适用性验证.结果表明:(1)基于稀疏表达的高光谱重构算法可以在不利用实测光谱数据的情况下实现高光谱重构,光谱重构精度高于多元回归光谱重构算法;(2)基于稀疏表达的高光谱重构算法在5种水色传感器上都取得了较好的效果,平均相对误差均在10%以下,均方根误差均在0.005 sr-1以下;(3)相比于原始GOCI多光谱数据,经稀疏表达高光谱重构后的GOCI数据在叶绿素a浓度和总悬浮物浓度估算精度上有不同程度提升.其中对叶绿素a浓度估算而言,平均相对误差从80.6%减少至51.5%,均方根误差从12.175μg·L~(-1)减少至7.125μg·L~(-1);对悬浮物浓度估算而言,平均相对误差从19.1%减少至18.8%,均方根误差从29.048 mg·L~(-1)减少至28.596 mg·L~(-1).     

烃源岩成熟度评价指标及选取

烃源岩成熟度评价是油气地质勘探中一项重要工作。作者以表格形式概括了烃源岩有机质成熟度评价指标。考虑到源岩有机质性质及岩性对成熟度评价的影响,除了选用镜质体反射率之外,在反射率受抑制和缺之镜质体的情况下,也应开展多方面研究。     

Quantitative assessment of tidal wetlands using remote sensing

Effective management of tidal wetlands requires periodic data on the boundaries, extent, and condition of the wetlands. In many states, wetlands are defined wholly, or in combination with other criteria, by the presence of particular emergent halophytic plants. Many important characteristics of the wetlands ecosystem are related directly to the production of emergent plant material or may be inferred from knowledge of the distribution of emergent plant species. Remote-sensing techniques have been applied to mapping of the distribution of wetland vegetation but not to quantitative evaluation of the condition of that vegetation.Recent research in the tidal wetlands of Delaware and elsewhere has shown that spectral canopy reflectance properties can be quantitatively related to the emergent green biomass ofSpartina alterniflora (salt marsh cord grass) throughout the peak growing season (April through September, in Delaware). Periodic measurements of this parameter could be applied to calculations of net aerial primary productivity for large areas ofS. alterniflora marsh in which conventional harvest techniques may be prohibitively time consuming. The method is species specific and, therefore, requires accurate discrimination ofS. alterniflora from other vegetation types. Observed seasonal changes in species spectral signatures are shown to have potential for improving multispectral categorization of tidal wetland vegetation types.     

Insight into the interaction between trimethoprim and soluble microbial products produced from biological wastewater treatment processes

Soluble microbial products (SMPs),dissolved organic matter excreted by activated sludge,can interact with antibiotics in wastewater and natural water bodies.Interactions between SMPs and antibiotics can influence antibiotic migration,transformation,and toxicity but the mechanisms involved in such interactions are not fully understood.In this study,integrated spectroscopy approaches were used to investigate the mechanisms involved in interactions between SMPs and a representative antibiotic,trime...