气相色谱氮磷检测器的使用与维护

介绍GC-NPD使用维护要注意的一些具体技术问题。     

生态环境补偿机制的探索

文章提出生态环境补偿机制问题 ,并对三种生态补偿机制进行研究。目的在于促进源头区、重点山区、水源涵养区的生态良性循环发展 ,全面改善我国的生态环境状况。     

实现可持续发展的逻辑思路:市场-制度-伦理

在分析可持续发展的深刻内涵的基础上，提出了实现可持续发展的逻辑思路：充分发挥市场机制对经济发展的促进作用，运用制度的约束与激励克服市场失灵，建设可持续发展舶生态伦理，从物质基础、制度框架和意识形态三个层面保证社会经济的可持续发展。     

土-结构相互作用体系振动台试验数值模拟

运用土—结构动力相互作用有限元三维分析软件SASSI2000，对一个土—结构动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验进行了模拟计算。首先对振动台模型试验作了简单的介绍，进而详细介绍了试验的建模方法。对试验的两种地基条件、3条地震波输入、3个加速度峰值水平及两个输入方向的各种组合工况进行了计算，并将试验结果与计算结果进行了比较。结果表明：计算模型较好地模拟了相互作用体系在地震荷载下的反应性状，计算结果与试验结果吻合较好；同时表明，土一结构相互作用效应对结构地震反应有很大的影响。     

TWO PRACTICAL APPROACHES FOR DETERMINING THE CONFIDENCE INTERVAL OF RAINFALL DEPTH PERCENTILES1

ABSTRACT: A simple simulation type approach and a statistical method are proposed for determining the confidence interval of the T‐year frequency rainfall percentiles (or precipitation extremes) for generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions. The former method is based on the Monte Carlo testing procedure. To generate realizations, the covariance structure of the three parameters of GEV is investigated using an observed information matrix of the likelihood function. For distributions with realistic parameters, the correlation between the location and the scale parameters is practically constant when the shape parameter varies around values close to its optimal value. The latter method is based on likelihood ratio statistics. In the case where the joint confidence surface for shape parameters and estimates is plotted with lines of best estimates, the region where the estimated best percentile value can be chosen as a possible estimate is part of the joint confidence surface. The projection of this bounded region on axis of percentile is defined as the effective confidence interval in this research. The use of this effective interval as the confidence interval of the percentile of T‐year frequency rainfall is particularly recommended because it is stable for T and it reflects variations in all three parameters of GEV appropriately.     

模糊回归分析和数据融合方法

提出一种新的模糊回归分析和数据融合方法 ,该方法能够将多种不同条件 (不同仪器、人员、环境条件等 )下的测量数据进行融合 ,特别是可以将不同量纲的测量值进行数据融合。实际应用表明 ,模糊回归分析能够很好地消除工程测量中无法通过仪器校准的系统误差 ,数据融合方法可以减小其偶然误差 ,大大提高测量精度     

微波技术在分析检验与污染治理中的应用

综述了微波技术的特点及其近几年在分析检验与污染治理中应用的进展情况，包括消解样品、脱附、显色、干燥、萃取、污水处理、废气处理、固体废弃物处理等方面；与传统技术比较，微波技术有许多优点，其在现代工业和科学研究领域里极具推广价值和应用前景。     

Community attitudes to cystic fibrosis carrier testing in England: A pilot study

Inexpensive and accurate carrier testing for cystic fibrosis (CF) will be possible in the near future. There are no existing studies on the attitudes of English persons in the community to carrier testing for CF or any other recessive disorder. We have conducted a trial study of 166 persons at two schools, two doctors' surgeries, and a family planning clinic. Only a minority had clear pre-existing knowledge of cystic fibrosis and its genetic nature. However, over 80 per cent of those questioned expressed interest in knowing their carrier status. Although it is well known that uptake can only be assessed when a service is in place, and while further studies are required to confirm that testing will be of interest to couples of reproductive age with no previous knowledge of CF, the data strongly suggest that there will be interest in communitywide testing for CF carrier status when such a test becomes available in the United Kingdom.     

重型机动车实际排放特性与影响因素的实测研究

利用美国Sensors公司生产的SEMTECHD车载排放测试仪在上海随机选择了7辆重型柴油车开展实际道路的排放测试,该实验累积测试道路长度为186km,共取得29090个逐秒的有效工况点数据,其中城市主干道12979个,次干道12368个,快速干道3743个.给出了车辆在不同道路上的工况点分布,分析了速度、加速度对燃油消耗、尾气排放的影响.测试结果表明,在选定的城市道路上,车流的平均怠速工况比为17%,加速工况比23.6%,等速工况比为31.0%,减速工况比为28.5%.被测车辆的CO、THC、NOx平均排放因子分别为(4.41±2.46)g·km-1、(1.77±1.17)g·km-1和(6.96±1.93)g·km-1,车辆排放状况因车速、加速度等因素而不同.测试结果基本反映了目前上海道路的交通状况和柴油卡车的排放现状,同时也说明过低的车速和频繁加减速是加重机动车污染的重要原因.     

金属材料腐蚀检(监)测常用方法概述

从机械方法、无损检测方法和电化学方法3个方面简要介绍了常用的腐蚀检(监)测方法,并对各种检验方法的特点和适用范围进行了比较.在实际的生产实践中应根据具体情况,依据可靠性和适用性的原则选择合适的方法,从而达到高效、准确的检验目的.