Uranium and thorium in soils,mineral sands,water and food samples in a tin mining area in Nigeria with elevated activity

The activity concentrations of uranium and thorium have been determined in soils and mineral sands from the Nigerian tin mining area of Bisichi, located in the Jos Plateau, and from two control areas in Nigeria (Jos City and Akure) using high-purity germanium detectors (HPGe). High resolution sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (HR-SF-ICP-MS) was used to determine uranium and thorium in liquids and foodstuffs consumed locally in the mining area. The activities of uranium and thorium measured in the soils and mineral sands from Bisichi ranged from 8.7 kBq kg⁻¹ to 51 kBq kg⁻¹ for ²³⁸U and from 16.8 kBq kg⁻¹ to 98 kBq kg⁻¹ for ²³²Th, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those in the control areas of Jos City and Akure and than the reference values reported in the literature. They even exceeded the concentrations reported for areas of high natural radioactive background. Radionuclide concentrations in samples of the local foodstuffs and in water samples collected in Bisichi were found to be higher than UNSCEAR reference values. The results reveal the pollution potential of the mining activities on the surrounding areas.     

氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法测定地表水中的痕量锡

利用AFS-9330双道原子荧光光度计测定水中的锡,以1.0%的盐酸作为载流液、1.0%的硼氢化钾为还原剂,荧光强度与其质量浓度在0⁴0μg/L范围内,线性良好,相关系数为0.9992,方法检出限为0.06μg/L,相对标准偏差在1.79%40μg/L范围内,线性良好,相关系数为0.9992,方法检出限为0.06μg/L,相对标准偏差在1.79%².83%之间,加标回收率为91.0%2.83%之间,加标回收率为91.0%¹03%。     

不同混合基体改进剂在涂钼石墨管测定细颗粒物中锡的应用研究

细颗粒物(PM2.5)是目前环境相关研究的焦点对象之一,但如何客观有效的分析检测细颗粒物的金属组分,却缺乏相关国家标准规范支撑,对应研究亦鲜见报道.利用美国PE公司AAnalyst600型石墨炉原子吸收仪进行实验,研究几种不同混合基体改进剂在涂钼石墨管石墨炉原子吸收法测定细颗粒物(PM2.5)中锡的影响,发现利用硝酸钯-钼酸铵混合溶液为基体改进剂测定锡,方法的相对标准偏差为1.8%~4.5%,空白回收率为95.4%~97.8%,实际样品回收率为87.3%~98.5%.能够满足国家实验室分析质控要求.适用于细颗粒物中微量锡的测定.     

塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法测定废水中低含量锡

试验了集恒温平台石墨炉 (STPF)于一体的纵向塞曼效应背景校正 ,最大功率升温 ,钯作为基体改进剂和峰面积积分 (A -s)测定废水中低含量锡的新方法。测定结果表明 ,锡含量在 0 μg/L～ 10 0 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系 ,检测限 (3σ) 3 5× 10 -11g ,特征量为 9 1× 10 -11g ,相对标准差小于 6 % ,回收率在 91%～ 10 7%之间     

粤东花岗岩及锡、钨矿床的地球化学研究

粤东燕山期与成矿有关的火成岩主要有早、晚两期,分别由火山岩与二长花岗岩及火山岩与黑云母花岗岩组成,两期的火山岩与花岗岩之间均为部分熔融关系,早期火成岩的源岩以沉积岩为主,晚期火成岩以火成物质占优势。锡矿化可划分为锡石—石英期次、锡石—硫化物期次及硫化物—银、金—碳酸盐期次;钨矿化可分为黑钨—石英期次,白钨—硫化物期次及碳酸盐期次。据系统的矿物包裹体,成矿热力学、成因矿物学、微量元素及同位素地球化学研究表明其成矿流体及成矿物质主要来自花岗岩,锡的矿化与早期二长花岗岩有关,钨矿化与晚期黑云母花岗岩关系密切。矿床成因类型应属岩浆—热液矿床。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中的锡

研究了硝酸－高氯酸体系消解、石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中锡的方法。采用酒石酸－锆复合溶液作基体改进剂,锆涂层热解石墨管为原子化器。方法的检出限为3μg/L(样品消解溶液)。实际样品测定的相对标准偏差小于7.5%,加标回收率为90%～97%。      

Radioecological impacts of tin mining

The tin mining activities in the suburbs of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, have resulted in technical enhancement of the natural background radiation as well as higher activity concentrations of primordial radionuclides in the topsoil of mining sites and their environs. Several studies have considered the radiological human health risks of the mining activity; however, to our knowledge no documented study has investigated the radiological impacts on biota. Hence, an attempt is made to assess potential hazards using published data from the literature and the ERICA Tool. This paper considers the effects of mining and milling on terrestrial organisms like shrubs, large mammals, small burrowing mammals, birds (duck), arthropods (earth worm), grasses, and herbs. The dose rates and risk quotients to these organisms are computed using conservative values for activity concentrations of natural radionuclides reported in Bitsichi and Bukuru mining areas. The results suggest that grasses, herbs, lichens, bryophytes and shrubs receive total dose rates that are of potential concern. The effects of dose rates to specific indicator species of interest are highlighted and discussed. We conclude that further investigation and proper regulations should be set in place in order to reduce the risk posed by the tin mining activity on biota. This paper also presents a brief overview of the impact of mineral mining on biota based on documented literature for other countries.     

银岩锡矿床找矿信息层次模型

本文在研究广东银岩区域地质地球化学背景、矿床晕及矿体晕特征,分层次提出找矿信息的基础上,综合出银岩锡矿床找矿信息层次模型。     

碱熔法消解-原子荧光法测定土壤中的锡

利用碱熔法消解土样、氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定土壤中的锡。选择最佳的仪器条件,经过碱熔法消解后,在体积分数为5%的盐酸介质中,锡荧光强度与其质量浓度在0～200μg/L成线性关系。方法的相对标准偏差为2.2～7.2%,实际样品加标回收率为90%～95%。此方法操作简便,灵敏度高,检出限低,适用于土壤中微量锡的测定。     

粤东长埔—西岭地区锡矿断裂岩浆控制因素及成矿模式

作者认为莲花山断裂以东长埔—西岭一带的内生锡矿化在成因上主要与燕山早期(J_3)火山侵入杂岩有关,矿质主要来自富锡中酸—酸性同熔型混源岩浆。矿带、矿田、矿床定位严格受线形断裂构造及其结点控制。并以火成岩和断裂格局作为主要地质标志,探讨了区内锡矿成矿模式。