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41.
Stuart W. Krasner Ai Ji Chih-Fen T. Lee Raha Shirkhani Joshua M. Allen Susan D. Richardson Michael J. Plewa 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(7):161-172
A survey was conducted at eight U.S. drinking water plants, that spanned a wide range of water qualities and treatment/disinfection practices. Plants that treated heavily-wastewater-impacted source waters had lower trihalomethane to dihaloacetonitrile ratios due to the presence of more organic nitrogen and HAN precursors. As the bromide to total organic carbon ratio increased, there was more bromine incorporation into DBPs. This has been shown in other studies for THMs and selected emerging DBPs (HANs), whereas this study examined bromine incorporation for a wider group of emerging DBPs (haloacetaldehydes, halonitromethanes). Moreover, bromine incorporation into the emerging DBPs was, in general, similar to that of the THMs. Epidemiology studies that show an association between adverse health effects and brominated THMs may be due to the formation of brominated emerging DBPs of heath concern. Plants with higher free chlorine contact times before ammonia addition to form chloramines had less iodinated DBP formation in chloraminated distribution systems, where there was more oxidation of the iodide to iodate (a sink for the iodide) by the chlorine. This has been shown in many bench-scale studies (primarily for iodinated THMs), but seldom in full-scale studies (where this study also showed the impact on total organic iodine. Collectively, the THMs, haloacetic acids, and emerging DBPs accounted for a significant portion of the TOCl, TOBr, and TOI; however, ∼50% of the TOCl and TOBr is still unknown. The correlation of the sum of detected DBPs with the TOCl and TOBr suggests that they can be used as reliable surrogates. 相似文献
42.
采用间隔流动注射的方法对水质中的氰化物进行检测。通过选择合适的锌盐和关闭的紫外灯,将总氰模块应用于易释放氰化物的检测。结果表明,仪器测定的总氰和易释放氰化物的精密度、准确度和加标回收率均满足水质检测的质量控制要求。 相似文献
43.
GEORGE F. ANTONIOUS TEJINDER S. KOCHHAR ROBERT L. JARRET JOHN C. SNYDER 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):1237-1243
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) pepper (Capsicum spp.) germplasm collection contains several thousand members or accessions. Many of these species and cultivars have not been analyzed for their concentrations of ascorbic acid, capsaicin, and total phenolic compounds, which are important antioxidants having a number of benefits for human health. The objective of this investigation was to select candidate accessions of hot pepper having high concentrations of ascorbic acid, capsaicin, free sugars, and total phenols for use as parents in breeding for these compounds. Seventeen accessions of pepper from the core Capsicum germplasm collection (four accessions of Capsicum chinense; five accessions of C. baccatum; six accessions of C. annuum; and two of C. frutescens) were field grown and their mature fruits were analyzed for their antioxidant composition. Concentrations of these compounds tended to be higher in C. chinense and C. baccatum, than in C. annuum and C. frutescens. Across all accessions the concentration of total phenols was correlated with ascorbic acid (r = 0.97) and free sugars (r = 0.80). Concentrations of total phenols (1.4, 1.3, and 1.3 mg g?1 fruit) and ascorbic acid (1.6, 1.2, and 1.3 mg g?1 fruit) were significantly greater in PI-633757, PI-387833, and PI-633754, respectively, compared to other accessions analyzed. Total capsaicinoids concentrations were greatest (1.3 mg g?1 fruit) in PI-438622 and lowest (0.002 mg g?1 fruit) in Grif-9320. The great variability within and among Capsicum species for these phytochemicals suggests that these selected accessions may be useful as parents in hybridization programs to produce fruits with value-added traits. 相似文献
44.
介绍两种震害损失估算方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍了两种震害损失估算方法:全概率法和单位面积法。并据此法对宁夏、青海等地震害作了估算。 相似文献
45.
通过阿尔山市2005年大气中总悬浮微粒(TSP)的全年三个监测点的监测结果,结合采样时有关气象参数,着重对TSP与气象条件的关系做一下分析、研讨。 相似文献
46.
关于水污染物排放总量的核定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
系统分析了水污染物排放总量核定不同层次的信息关联和相关的特征信息间的相互关系,指出城市是最基本的总量核定对象;阐述了现行环境监测与环境管理制度对水污染物排放总量核定存在着不完全信息问题;指出环境管理部门不掌握的部分排污总量信息对总量控制整体的影响相当大,应对排污总量进行全面、科学的核定。 相似文献
47.
总量控制费用分摊的多目标规划模型及解法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章指出了污染物总量控制规划中公平合理分摊优化治理投资费用的重要性,分析了现有的优化治理投资费用分摊方法存在的问题,建立了公平合理分摊优化治理投资费用的多目标规划模型,提出用最短距离理想点法加以求解,并通过实例验证了该方法的合理性。结果表明该模型及解法既可以保证总量控制规划方案的社会整体效益最大,又不失公平,从而确保总量控制规划方案的顺利实施。 相似文献
48.
49.
Lucy T. González Francisco E. Longoria-Rodríguez Margarita Sánchez-Domínguez Cesar Leyva-Porras Karim Acuña-Askar Boris I. Kharissov Alejandro Arizpe-Zapat Juan M. Alfaro-Barbosa 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(12):32-49
During the winter period (January–March 2016), the total suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were characterized by the application of various analytical techniques in four zones of the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey in Mexico. To evaluate the seasonal variation of some elements in the particulate matter, the results of this study were compared with those obtained during the summer season (July–September 2015). The speciation of the C1s signal by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the contribution of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons as the main components in both seasons. Conversely, carboxylic groups associated with biogenic emissions were detected only in winter. The percentages of SO42 ? ions were lower in winter, possibly caused by the decrease in the solar radiation, and relative humidity recorded. The results of the ICP analysis revealed that Fe, Zn and Cu were the most abundant metals in both TSP and PM2.5 in the two seasons. There were significant seasonal variations for concentrations of As, Ni and Zn in the urban area and for Fe, As, Cd, Ni and Zn in the industrial zone. This was attributed to the greater burning of fuels as well as to an increase in vehicular traffic, the effect of thermal inversion and changes in some meteorological parameters. The results of the sequential microanalysis by Raman spectroscopy and SEM/EDS allowed observation of deposits of carbonaceous material on the particles and to perform the speciation of particles rich in Fe and Pb, which helped infer their possible emission sources. 相似文献
50.