缺氧环境下无定形FeS对六六六的转化动力学

采用批处理实验方法，在缺氧还原的环境下对无定形FeS转化六六六的动力学进行了研究。结果表明，无定形FeS水溶液体系（pH值8.30)可以将六六六的γ-异构体-林丹转化为低氯化合物三氯苯，二氯苯和氯苯，并且产物的形成有异构体选择性；检测到的中间产物为五氯环己烯，四氯环已烯和二氯环已二烯。并提出相应的转化路径和反应机理。以说明溶液中的动态变化过程，反应动力学遵从准一级速率反应。反应机理推测为去氯化氢反应和双氯消除反应。     

Analytical model of solute transport by unsteady unsaturated gravitational infiltration

Penetration of reactive solute into a soil during a cycle of water infiltration and redistribution is investigated by deriving analytical closed form solutions for fluid flux, moisture content and contaminant concentration. The solution is developed for gravitational flow and advective transport and is applied to two scenarios of solute applications encountered in the applications: a finite pulse of solute dissolved in irrigation water and an instantaneous pulse broadcasted onto the soil surface. Through comparison to simulations of Richards' flow, capillary suction is shown to have contrasting effects on the upper and lower boundaries of the fluid pulse, speeding penetration of the wetting front and reducing the rate of drying. This leads to agreement between the analytical and numerical solutions for typical field and experimental conditions. The analytical solution is further incorporated into a stochastic column model of flow and transport to compute mean solute concentration in a heterogeneous field. An unusual phenomenon of plume contraction is observed at long times of solute propagation during the drying stage. The mean concentration profiles match those of the Monte-Carlo simulations for capillary length scales typical of sandy soils.     

Tetrasphaera聚磷菌研究进展及其除磷能力辨析

强化生物除磷（EBPR）工艺在污水脱氮除磷中扮演着重要角色，其机理研究与工程应用也较为成熟.长期以来，Accumulibacter菌属（A菌）作为EBPR工艺最主要的聚磷菌（PAOs）已被广泛接受.同时，具有聚磷能力的Tetrasphaera菌属（T菌）亦被发现，且在某些特定环境下其丰度甚至远高于A菌，进而引发业内一定的关注.本文通过对T菌发现、研究过程的梳理，总结了关于T菌丰度、代谢途径及影响其活性的因素等方面的研究成果.与A菌不同，T菌代谢途径具有多样性，可依赖发酵代谢进行细胞维持和增殖，其发酵产物甚至可以供给A菌利用.T菌可利用大分子有机物（如葡萄糖、氨基酸等）和VFAs（亲和性较低）进行厌氧释磷，继而完成好氧、甚至缺氧吸磷过程.T菌主要菌株（T.elongata）因缺少合成PHA相关酶基因而不能以PHA作为内聚产物在厌氧环境下储能；糖原和游离氨基酸被检测到可作为T菌的能源/碳源内聚物，但亦有结果相左的研究.借助于拉曼光谱技术，一些污水处理厂中T菌与A菌被证实对磷去除的贡献大小相当.总之，目前对T菌的研究还十分有限，现有研究仍不足以证明它们在EBPR中可稳定发挥除磷贡献.今后应在T菌不同代谢途径控制因素及所需环境条件方面进行深入研究，以确认T菌可否持续、稳定地实现除磷作用.     

湘境国道4项目危险品运输风险环境影响分析方法研究

根据具体范例，分析了公路项目危险品运输风险环境影响评价的分析方法，其研究成果对开展同类项目危险品运输风险环评有重要的参考价值。     

Microplastics in the atmosphere of Ahvaz City, Iran

Airborne particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic size cutoff of 10 µm (PM10) has been collected using a high volume air sampler at two locations (urban and residential) in the city of Ahvaz, Iran, for sixteen 24-hour periods over four months (late summer to early winter). Microplastics (MPs) in the PM were isolated after sample digestion and were subsequently characterised by established techniques. All MPs sampled (n = 322) were of a fibrous nature, with polyethylene terephthalate, nylon and polypropylene being the dominant polymers and consistent with textiles and fabrics as the principal source. Despite a distinct seasonality (temperature and wind) over the study period, the abundance, size and colour of the fibres exhibited no clear temporal trend, and no clear differences were observed between the two sites. Concentrations of MPs ranged from none detected to about 0.017/m³ (median = 0.0065/m³) and are at the low end of ranges reported in the recent literature for various urban and remote locations. While some MPs may have a local origin, the weathering of other MPs and their acquisition of extraneous geosolids and salts suggests that long-range transport is also important. Back-trajectory calculations indicate that regional sources are mainly to the north and west of Ahvaz, but a southerly, maritime source is also possible in late autumn. Although concentrations of MPs in the atmosphere are well below those encountered in indoor air, further studies are required to elucidate their potential ecological impacts.     

挥发性有机物(VOCs)的不同化学去除途径:城市与区域站点的对比

VOCs在大气中主要是与OH自由基、NO₃自由基和O₃等反应氧化去除,部分OVOCs的自身光解也是重要的化学去除途径.本研究基于2018年和2019年秋季在珠三角地区的城市和区域站点的外场观测实验,使用VOCs、常规痕量气体及气象参数的观测数据,对烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃和OVOCs等VOCs组分不同化学去除途径的去除速率进行分析.结果表明,烷烃和芳香烃主要通过与OH自由基反应去除,最高占比超过99%.与NO₃自由基和O₃的反应可贡献烯烃去除速率的80%以上,特别是一些天然源的烯烃（如单萜烯）与NO₃自由基的氧化去除是贡献最大的氧化途径.光解是甲醛最重要的去除途径,在两个站点均达到了50%以上,酮类的光解贡献会高于其他OVOCs类物质.OH自由基的氧化去除途径在城市和区域站点的人为源及天然源VOCs去除中占主导地位.区域站点,烯烃尤其是天然源的烯烃物种,与NO₃自由基和O₃反应的贡献要高于城市站点.本研究对促进不同VOCs物种在大气中的去除途径以及其空间差异的认识有重要意义.     

电子束辐照降解水体中磺胺间甲氧嘧啶

应用电子束辐照初步探索了去除水体中磺胺间甲氧嘧啶（SMM）10mg/L的过程.研究了吸收剂量、自由基清除剂、无机盐等对辐照降解的影响.通过实验数据和模拟计算,推测了降解机理和降解路径,并对降解产物进行了毒性评估.结果表明,当吸收剂量为3.0kGy时,去除率高于99%,辐照降解效率高.在辐照降解过程中,还原消除占主导作用.降解反应遵循一级动力学方程.碳酸根、硫酸根和硝酸根等无机阴离子在一定的程度上会抑制SMM的降解.根据超高效液相色谱-质谱（UHPLC-MS）对降解产物的分析,结合高斯理论模拟,推断出9种可能的降解产物和相应的降解途径.费氏弧菌的毒性测试显示,辐照降解中间体毒性先升高后降低,在吸收剂量为2.0kGy达到最高值.     

Insights into mercury in glacier snow and its incorporation into meltwater runoff based on observations in the southern Tibetan Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau(TP) is recognized as "Water Tower of Asia". Yet our understanding of mechanisms influencing incorporation of mercury(Hg) into freshwater in mountain glaciers on the TP remains quite limited. Extensive sampling of environmental matrices(e.g., snow/ice)were conducted on the East Rongbuk glacier on Mt. Everest and Zhadang glacier on Mt.Nyainqentanglha for Hg speciation analysis. Speciated Hg behaved quite different during snowmelt: a preferential early release of DHg(dissolved Hg) was observed at the onset of snowmelt, whereas PHg(particulate-bound Hg) and THg(total Hg) become relatively enriched in snow and released later. Small fraction of Hg in snow was lost during a snowmelt day(18.9%–34.7%) with a large proportion(58.1%–87.3%) contributed by PHg decrease, indicating that the deposited Hg is most likely retained in glacier snow/ice. Furthermore, THg were positively correlated with PHg and crustal major ions(e.g., Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+)) during snowmelt, indicating that Hg is mainly migrated with particulates. The main pathway of Hg loss during snowmelt was most probably associated with release of PHg with meltwater, which was greatly influenced by ablation intensity of snow/ice. This should be paid particular concern as Hg preserved in mountain glaciers will mostly enter aquatic ecosystem as climate warms, impacting on downstream ecosystems adversely. Obvious decrease of THg during the downstream transport from glacier was observed with a large proportion contributed by PHg decrease. The main removal mechanism of Hg was associated with sedimentation of PHg during the transport process.     

质量功能配置与客运安全服务设计

质量功能配置 (QFD)原理应用于客运安全管理 ,对客运企业的安全生产具有重大的现实意义。介绍并分析了QFD用于服务设计领域的基本原理、模型及其特点 ;在此基础上 ,将QFD应用技术结合客运安全服务质量管理进行了探索和研究 ,详细阐述了客运安全服务QFD设计 4个阶段的具体程序和方法 ;最后 ,指出QFD在提高客运安全服务质量管理的重要作用     

海上丝绸之路及其特色旅游资源开发

古代"海上丝绸之路"沟通了亚欧两大洲,留下了无数的遗迹和传说.在分析"海上丝绸之路"的历史及其特色旅游资源的基础上,提出了开发海上旅游资源的重要意义.