城市景观水体中腐殖酸的臭氧氧化去除

以南京师范大学德风园池底泥中提取的腐殖酸(HA)为研究对象,采用臭氧氧化技术对其进行去除,对初始pH值、混合气体流量、腐殖酸(HA)初始浓度以及水中常见离子等因素对去除效果的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明:腐殖酸(HA)的去除率随初始pH值的升高而提高,随混合气体流量减少而提高;当腐殖酸(HA)初始浓度为5 mg/L时,反应过程中溶液的UV254升高,紫外扫描结果发现,溶液在200~220 nm内出现杂乱的吸收峰,表明有新物质生成;水中常见的无机阴离子(CO32-、HCO3-)和二价金属离子(Ca2+、Cu2+)的存在会降低臭氧对腐殖酸(HA)的去除率。     

城市空气污染数值预报的技术关键

在分析城市空气污染数值预报要素的基础上,建立了包括污染源排放清单,气象中尺度数值预报模型MM5,ADMS-城市模型软件的城市空气质量预报系统。首次提出了空气质量环境背景值的确定等提高城市空气污染预报准确率的有效措施。     

咸宁市区酸雨状况及其成因分析

采用2006-2010年咸宁市区降水监测数据,对咸宁市酸雨现状及形成原因进行了全面系统的分析。分析结果表明,咸宁市酸雨由硫酸和硝酸混合型向硫酸型过渡,且外来污染源的输入是造成咸宁市酸雨污染的主要原因。     

乌鲁木齐城市道路地面径流中重金属的污染特征分析

采用原子吸收光谱法,对乌鲁木齐市城区3个采样点的两次降雨过程中采集的路面径流进行了重金属Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu和Ni的含量分析.结果表明,道路径流中Zn、Pb、Cd污染较严重,但随着时间的推移,它们在雨水径流中的含量逐渐减少,符合"浓度初期冲刷"规律.     

生态适宜度评价在城市总体规划环境影响评价中的应用——以宿迁市城市总体规划为例

以江苏省宿迁市城市总体规划为研究对象,在中心城区的用地布局和功能组团设置中引入土地利用生态适宜度评价的方法,建立中心城区生态适宜度评价指标体系,并借助GIS技术将数值计算和图形叠置有机结合,实现对中心城区布局进行生态适宜度评价的定量化研究方法,为中心城区的城市总体规划提供决策依据.     

基于生态网络—人类干扰的国土空间生态修复优先区诊断——以长株潭城市群为例

基于整体保护与系统治理思维诊断生态修复优先区,是科学有序推进国土空间生态修复的重要抓手。以长株潭城市群为例,利用人类足迹定量评估人类活动对生态系统的干扰强度,在此基础上通过最小累积阻力模型、电路理论、移动窗口搜索法等,识别生态网络并诊断人类干扰致其结构与功能受损的关键区域为生态修复优先区。研究表明：（1）城市群人类干扰整体呈核心—边缘递减的圈层式分布,且西高东低,北高南低;（2）识别区域生态网络,其中包含140个生态源地斑块以及307条源间潜在生态廊道;（3）诊断得到生态源地修复优先区共计867.17 km²,生态廊道修复优先区共计97.83 km,生态夹点修复优先区共计40处,从面线点相结合角度提出消除或弱化人类干扰的修复策略。研究能为新时代区域国土空间生态修复的规划编制与实施工作提供空间指引。     

Walking routes to school in new urban and suburban neighborhoods: An environmental walkability analysis of blocks and routes

We assessed environmental and perceptual correlates of walking and walkability for fifth graders from three communities attending two schools: A new urban/LEED-ND pilot community, mixed, and standard suburban community. Irvine-Minnesota Inventory (IMI) walkability audits showed that new urban blocks provided more traffic safety, pleasurability, crime safety, density, and diversity. New urban routes offered greater traffic safety, accessibility, pleasurability, crime safety, and diversity, but suburban routes had greater housing density, net of controls (parental education, rooms in the home, home ownership, parent preference for child to walk to school). Parents and children perceived new urban routes to be more walkable and children walked more when they lived on more walkable routes. The suburban hierarchical street design exposed children to varied traffic safety conditions by funneling their walks from cul-de-sacs to arterials. The new urban routes to a centrally located school passed by pleasant open spaces, suggesting how community organization can create better walking conditions.     

Resource management as a key factor for sustainable urban planning

Due to fast urbanization and increasing living standards, the environmental sustainability of our global society becomes more and more questionable. In this historical review we investigate the role of resources management (RM) and urban planning (UP) and propose ways for integration in sustainable development (SD). RM follows the principle of circular causation, and we reflect on to what extent RM has been an element for urban planning. Since the existence of the first settlements, a close relationship between RM, urbanization and technological development has been present. RM followed the demand for urban resources like water, energy, and food. In history, RM has been fostered by innovation and technology developments and has driven population growth and urbanization. Recent massive resource demand, especially in relation to energy and material flows, has altered natural ecosystems and has resulted in environmental degradation. UP has developed separately in response to different questions. UP followed the demand for improved living conditions, often associated to safety, good manufacturing and trading conditions and appropriate sanitation and waste management. In history UP has been a developing research area, especially since the industrial era and the related strong urbanization at the end of the 18th century. UP responded to new emerging problems in urban areas and became increasingly complex. Nowadays, UP has to address many objectives that are often conflicting, including, the urban sustainability. Our current urban un-sustainability is rooted in massive resource consumption and waste production beyond natural limits, and the absence of flows from waste to resources. Therefore, sustainable urban development requires integration of RM into UP. We propose new ways to this integration.     

上海臭氧及前体物变化特征与相关性研究

于2010年1~12月期间,在上海城区内采用在线连续观测,分析该地区近地臭氧与其前体物的季节变化规律及相关性,探讨了臭氧浓度与OX和NO₂光解速率之间的关系。结果表明,观测期间,上海地区O₃总超标天数为13天,超标率为3.56%。O₃浓度变化呈现明显的秋冬低、春夏高的季节变化。O₃浓度日变化规律呈典型单峰变化,O₃各前体物呈双峰形分布,冬季O₃与NO_X的相关性最强。对OX的贡献中,秋冬以NO₂为主,春夏以O₃为主;夜间以NO₂为主,白天以O₃为主。臭氧浓度与OX和NO₂光解速率变化规律基本一致。