水葫芦大面积种植对滇池浮游植物的影响研究

对滇池水葫芦大面积种植区域开展了浮游植物群落结构和细胞丰度变化的调查研究,经过数据统计分析发现水葫芦大面积种植对水体浮游植物种群种类组成影响不显著,但对蓝藻生长具一定的抑制作用,对绿藻和硅藻可能具一定促进作用。     

生产安全事故责任认定定量化方法的探讨

当前,我国生产安全事故的责任认定是在事故调查组分析调查事故原因后,对事故责任者承担的责任进行定性的责任认定,受一定的主观因素影响。为了避免主观因素的影响,本文提出了一种责任认定定量化方法,该方法首先从安全管理、安全技术和职业健康卫生三方面建立了完善的事故影响因素集;然后在分析事故原因后采用专家打分法(德尔菲法)确定各影响因素的影响度,并计算出与事故相关的责任者的累加影响度,即责任大小;最后根据事故造成的人员伤亡和经济损失情况对事故责任者作出处理。此方法对生产安全事故责任认定更加公正客观。     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether by organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron：Preparation, characterization and influence factors

An organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron material(M-NZVI) was synthesized to degrade decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-209). The results showed that nanoscale zero-valent iron had good dispersion on organo-montmorillonite and was present as a core-shell structure with a particle size range of nanoscale iron between 30–90 nm, characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XRF, ICP-AES, and XPS. The results of the degradation of BDE-209 by M-NZVI showed that the efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 was much higher than that of NZVI. The efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 decreased as the pH and the initial dissolved oxygen content of the reaction solution increased, but increased as the proportion of water in the reaction solution increased.     

Vibrational energy loss analysis in battery tab ultrasonic welding

In ultrasonic metal welding processes, high-frequency ultrasonic energy is used to generate friction and heat at the interface between weld parts to produce solid-state bonds. It has been observed that sufficient energy is required to produce proper bonding, while excessive energy can cause such quality issues as weld fracture and perforation. Therefore, it is important to have a product/process design in ultrasonic welding to ensure efficient energy conversion from ultrasonics to welding energy, minimizing energy loss in the process. In this work, vibrational energy loss associated with the longitudinal and flexural vibrations of the Cu coupon during ultrasonic welding is studied by applying one-dimensional continuous vibration models. To facilitate our modeling, experimental results from the free response of Cu coupon were obtained to determine the damping characteristics of the Cu coupon in the welding process. Our analysis shows that substantial energy loss can occur during welding due to the flexural vibration of the Cu coupon, especially when the overhang (the upper part of the Cu coupon extended from the anvil) of the Cu coupon resonates at or close to the welding frequency (about 20 kHz), degrading the weld quality of battery tabs. This study contributes to understanding the fundamental dynamics of the Cu coupon during ultrasonic welding and its impact on weld quality.     

石墨-活性炭纤维复合电极电吸附处理含盐废水的研究

高盐废水是目前水处理领域的难点,作为一种新型的除盐技术,电吸附技术具有众多优点.本文研究了一种新型碳基复合材料,石墨-活性炭纤维复合电极,并考察了其应用于电吸附的影响因素和除盐效果.在电压为1.6 V,停留时间为60min,极板间距为1 cm时电吸附装置的除盐效果最优.用其分别对精制棉黑液和叶绿素铜钠废水进行了处理.电极对数为8对时对经酸析处理后的精制棉黑液的电导率和COD的去除率分别达到58.8%和75.6%;电极对数为6~8时对叶绿素铜钠生产废水的电导率的去除率能超过50.0%,COD的去除率约为13.5%.     

大气环境数值模拟在煤炭矿区规划环评中的应用研究

为解决煤炭矿区的区域性复合型大气污染问题和探讨煤炭矿区规划的大气环境影响评价技术方法,本文以山西省阳泉矿区为例,通过对比不同模型,选用CALPUFF模型模拟了2013年阳泉矿区及周边地区的大气污染特征,分析污染物超标原因并优化了污染源布局,最后对远期规划实施后不同布局下的环境质量进行预测对比.结果表明,CALPUFF模型可应用于煤炭矿区大气环境质量模拟,矿区总体规划实施以来,研究区内的PM10和N02浓度均达国家二级标准,但是部分地区的SO2浓度超标.通过优化布局可有效提高环境质量,使得现状及远期规划实施完成后的常规污染物年均浓度值均稳定满足国家二级标准.     

滇西北剑湖沉积物磷形态、空间分布及释放贡献

采用连续分级提取法提取了剑湖沉积物中弱吸附态磷(NH_4Cl-P)、可还原态磷(BD-P)、铁铝氧化态磷(NaOH-rP)、有机质结合态磷(NaOH-nrP)、钙结合态磷(HCl-P)和残渣态磷(Res-P)6种形态的磷,并对表层(0~10 cm)沉积物磷形态水平空间分布、沉积柱芯(0~75 cm)磷形态垂向空间分布和释放贡献特征进行了分析.结果表明:表层沉积物6种磷形态平均含量差别较大,其含量由高到低排序为HCl-PRes-PNaOH-rPNaOH-nrPBD-PNH_4Cl-P;HCl-P含量是NH_4Cl-P的72倍,3种稳定磷形态(HCl-P、Res-P和NaOH-rP)含量是3种潜在可移动磷形态(NaOH-nrP、BD-P和NH_4Cl-P)含量的6.5倍.NH_4Cl-P、BD-P、NaOH-nrP和NaOH-rP含量的变异系数明显高于HCl-P和Res-P含量的变异系数.尽管表层沉积物6种磷形态的水平空间分布特征不尽相同,4条主要入湖河流入湖口区6种磷形态含量平均值之和是湖周浅水区的1.40倍,但能指示出入湖河流是外源磷污染物输入的主要通道.虽然沉积柱芯6种磷形态垂向空间分布特征各异,6种磷形态入湖口区表层平均含量分别是底层的1.60、1.87、1.87、1.61、1.18和1.15倍,其他湖区表层平均含量分别是底层的1.18、1.34、1.39、1.41、0.97和0.83倍,但除HCl-P和Res-P在其他湖区为随深度增加而缓慢递增外,基本上能反映出6种磷形态含量在入湖口区随深度增加而递减的程度都远强于其他湖区.外源磷输入和人为活动影响是3种潜在可移动磷形态和NaOH-rP的主要因素,流域地质背景是HCl-P和Res-P的主要影响因素.6种磷形态在入湖口区快释放贡献率多为负值,表示以滞留状态为主,慢释放贡献率全为正值,表示都为释放状态,滞留贡献最大和释放贡献最大的都是NaOH-rP;其他湖区快释放贡献率和慢释放贡献率多为正值,表示都以释放状态为主,NaOH-rP释放贡献最大,Res-P滞留贡献最大.     

衡水市空气主要污染物体积质量的时间分布特征

利用衡水市环境监测站2005—2007年度大气例行检测的数据，对衡水市大气中主要污染物SO^2、NO^2、PM10体积质量值的逐日数据进行统计分析，得出了衡水市空气污染的现状和时间变化规律：（1）污染物体积质量值的月变化曲线呈槽型分布，非取暖期的空气状况明显好于取暖期，取暖期SO^2平均体积质量是非取暖期的2．45倍；（2）污染物体积质量值的日变化曲线基本为两高两低型，其中取暖期污染指数早晨出现极高值的时间比非取暖期明显偏晚；（3）污染物体积质量值的年变化表明了SO^2的体积质量在降低，而NO^2的体积质量却有了小幅增长。     

振动试验数据管理系统概述

随着近些年振动试验技术的快速发展,对于振动试验数据的保存、管理和统计提出了更高的要求。鉴于此,附属于试验室信息管理系统的振动试验数据管理系统作为振动试验有效的管理工具,必然会成为提升试验室振动试验能力、规范试验技术的有效工具。