污泥浓度对双重后置反硝化工艺脱氮除磷的影响

利用城市实际污水考察了ρ(MLSS)在2 400、3 350、4 300和5 250 mg/L 4种工况下SBR反应器(厌氧/好氧/缺氧/再好氧/沉淀/排水/预缺氧运行模式)的脱氮除磷效果,并分析了反应器单个周期内有机物、氮和磷的转化过程及污泥产量. 结果表明:ρ(MLSS)由2 400 mg/L升至5 250 mg/L时,系统TN去除率由52.5%升至66.6%;后续缺氧及预缺氧工序的脱氮比例(该工序TN去除量占系统TN总去除量的比例)由12.7%增至23.1%;ρ(MLSS)为4 300 mg/L时系统TP去除率(75.6%)达到最大. 后续缺氧及预缺氧工序中,ρ(MLSS)与内源反硝化速率呈正相关(R2=0.703 7);提高ρ(MLSS)可使PAOs(聚磷菌)在下一个周期内获得更多的碳源,使厌氧释磷量由1.62 mg/L升至9.10 mg/L,但PAOs吸磷动力会减弱,对除磷不利. 在后置反硝化、污泥衰减、能量解偶联等减量机制共同作用下,ρ(MLSS)为4 300 mg/L时系统污泥减量可提高24.4%. 从脱氮除磷及污泥减量效果综合考虑,ρ(MLSS)是双重后置反硝化工艺重要的控制参数,在该研究条件下控制在4 300 mg/L最优.      

日本琵琶湖污染源系统控制及其对我国湖泊治理的启示

琵琶湖富营养化全面有效的控制得益于对流域污染源的系统控制. 琵琶湖流域污染源系统控制包括通过立法与监管严格控制工厂与企业的污水排放、城镇污水管网与大型污水处理设施的高度覆盖、农业集落污水处理设施的全覆盖三部分,流域污水处理系统的全覆盖及高度处理技术的普及是其最为成功的经验之一. 琵琶湖流域城镇下水道普及率达86.4%,主要污染物——TN、TP及COD_Mn的去除率分别高达90.0%、98.7%及94.6%. 琵琶湖流域同时实施了净化槽普及、设置农业集落排水处理设施、初期雨水净化处理及农田循环灌溉等具有地方特色的面源治理对策. 通过综合治理,琵琶湖主要入湖污染负荷明显减少,与1985年相比,2012年COD_Mn点源污染负荷减少了76.8%,TN减少了45.5%,TP减少了65.6%. 与之比较,我国的湖泊治理存在的问题主要包括有针对性的地方排放标准的缺失及执法力度的不足、城镇污水深度处理及运营管理技术上的差距、面源污染对策的严重不足.      

聚乙烯醇凝胶包埋固定化细菌联合植物的除氮研究

为了解聚乙烯醇(PVA)凝胶包埋固定化菌在富营养化水体生态修复中的效果,利用PVA凝胶包埋固定硝化和反硝化细菌并联合水芹(Oenanthe clecumbens)和蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica)2种植物进行21 d的除氮试验。结果表明,加菌试验组TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、NO2--N及TP去除率显著高于无菌试验组(P0.05);各试验组N的去除效率与添加PVA凝胶包埋固定硝化和反硝化细菌呈显著正相关(P0.05)。添加PVA凝胶固定硝化和反硝化细菌的蕹菜和水芹试验组植物的平均生长速率(RGR)分别为38.5和19.6 mg·g-1·d-1,而单纯蕹菜和水芹试验组RGR分别为29.9和9.5 mg·g-1·d-1。     

Comparison of growth and lipid accumulation properties of two oleaginous microalgae under different nutrient conditions

This study compared the growth and lipid accumulation properties of two oleaginous microalgae, namely, Scenedesmus sp. LX1 and Chlorella sp. HQ, under different nutrient conditions. Both algal species obtained the highest biomass, lipid content and lipid yield under low-nutrient conditions （mBGll medium）. The biomass, lipid content and lipid yield of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 were 0.42g·L^-1, 22.5% and 93.8mg·L^-1, respectively. These values were relatively higher than those of Chlorella sp. HQ （0.30g·L^-1, 17.1% and 51.3mg·L^-1, respectively）. These algae were then cultivated in an SE medium that contained more nutrients; as a result, the biomass and lipid yield of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 reduced more significantly than those of Chlorella sp. HQ. Opposite results were observed in lipid and triacylglycerols （TAGs） contents. The cell sizes of both algal species under low-nutrient conditions were larger than those under high-nutrient conditions. Chlorella sp. HQ cells did not aggregate, but Scenedesmus sp. LX1 cells flocculated easily, particularly under low-nutrient conditions. In summary, low-nutrient conditions favour the growth and lipid production of both algae, but Scenedesmus sp. LX1 outperforms Chlorella sp. HQ.     

N2O emission from a sequencing batch reactor for biological N and P removal from wastewater

Nitrous oxide （N2O） is a greenhouse gas that can be released during biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. N2O emission from a sequencing batch reactor （SBR） for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater was investigated, and the aims were to examine which process, nitrification or denitrification, would contribute more to N2Oemission and to study the effects of heterotrophic activities on N2O emission during nitrification. The results showed that N2O emission was mainly attributed to nitrification rather than to denitrification. N2O emission during denitrification mainly occurred with stored organic carbon as the electron donor. During nitrification, NaO emission was increased with increasing initial ammonium or nitrite concentrations. The ratio of N2O emission to the removed ammonium nitrogen （N2O- N/NH4-N） was 2.5% in the SBR system with high heterotrophic activities, while this ratio was in the range from 0.14% to 1.06% in batch nitrification experiments with limited heterotrophic activities.     

A/O脱氮工艺实时控制对策的试验研究

以人工合成废水为研究对象,系统研究了提高A/O(anoxic/oxic)工艺氨氮和硝酸氮去除效率的实时控制对策.氨氮控制的本质是通过控制DO设定值和好氧区体积大小使出水氨氮浓度达标排放.硝酸氮控制的本质在于高效利用缺氧区反硝化潜力,为此建立了以调节内循环回流量或(和)外碳源投加量维持缺氧区末端硝酸氮浓度处于设定值的实时控制对策.系统控制采用两级结构,高水平监控层用来选择低水平执行层的设定值,而低水平执行层对DO值、好氧区体积、内循环回流量和外碳源投加量进行直接控制,试验表明上述控制对策可以显著提高系统脱氮效率,降低出水氨氮和硝酸氮浓度,并最大程度节约运行费用.     

重钢LF炉除尘系统工艺分析与改建

论述了关于重庆钢铁股份有限公司炼钢厂LF炉除尘工艺的现状和系统的不足,并且就相关技术问题进行了分析与研讨,提出了相应的处理方案。     

安全生产技术支撑体系建立的研究

为了解决安全生产事故预防和事故处理方面的技术保障问题,加强对安全生产的监督和监察,必须建立各级安全生产技术支撑体系专业中心。建设的目的是围绕加强灾害事故的鉴定分析、灾害预防、安全技术的研究以及直接为国家各级安全生产监管监察机构履行职责提供技术支撑等。就省级企事业中非矿行业的安全生产技术支撑体系的建立作了初步研究,提出自己的观点,为各级工业安全生产技术支撑体系中心的建立提供可参考的依据。     

六箱一体化工艺处理城市污水周期设置的试验

介绍了智能型六箱一体化活性污泥脱氮除磷工艺的运行方式及原理,并研究了周期设置对污染物去除的影响。中试研究表明,在泥龄13d和水力停留时间13h的条件下．当周期时间为16h时．工艺取得良好的脱氮除磷效果．出水水质可达国家一级A排放标准。     

污水处理生物转盘结构及组合工艺

针对生物转盘污水处理工艺,研究设计出能提高生物转盘处理效率的循环水轮的结构及一体化的安装工艺形式,以非能源的方式提高了系统耐冲击负荷能力和去除效率,并通过示范工程进行验证,充分肯定了该技术的高效性和实用性。