作业机废气减排技术研究

柴油发动机尾气排放中含有比汽油发动机更多的颗粒污染物。文章叙述了尾气净化装置反应原理,触媒及化学稳定性,柴油氧化催化剂和颗粒催化过滤器优点。通过外部加装尾气净化装置,解决了尾气污染问题,具有较好的发展前景、较强的实用性和可操作性。     

北京市典型餐饮企业油烟中醛酮类化合物污染特征

醛酮类化合物作为餐饮油烟的组成物质之一,是挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)中化学反应活性较强的一类物质.但目前国内还没有针对餐饮源醛酮类化合物的排放特征进行较为系统的研究.为进一步明确餐饮源醛酮类化合物排放水平和控制现状,获取城市群餐饮源VOCs排放控制决策依据,本研究选取北京市8家不同类型的餐饮企业,采用涂布2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)的硅胶采样管进行油烟样品采集,用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)对油烟样品中的醛酮类化合物进行测定.结果表明按基准风量折算后,8家餐饮企业排放的油烟中醛酮类化合物浓度高低依次是:烤鸭中式烧烤家常菜西式快餐学校食堂中式快餐川菜淮扬菜.餐饮企业油烟中醛酮类化合物(C1~C9)浓度水平范围为115.47~1 035.99μg·m-3.不同类型餐饮企业油烟中醛酮类化合物组分构成存在较为明显的差异,中式餐饮企业醛酮类化合物C1~C3物质所占比例均在40%以上.快餐类餐饮企业醛酮类化合物C4~C9所占比例明显高于其他类型餐饮企业.从醛酮类化合物控制现状来看,北京市目前主流高压静电式油烟净化器对醛酮类化合物的去除效果十分有限.     

Effect of lubricant sulfur on the morphology and elemental composition of diesel exhaust particles

This work investigates the effects of lubricant sulfur contents on the morphology, nanostructure, size distribution and elemental composition of diesel exhaust particle on a light-duty diesel engine. Three kinds of lubricant (LS-oil, MS-oil and HS-oil, all of which have different sulfur contents: 0.182%, 0.583% and 1.06%, respectively) were used in this study. The morphologies and nanostructures of exhaust particles were analyzed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Size distributions of primary particles were determined through advanced image-processing software. Elemental compositions of exhaust particles were obtained through X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results show that as lubricant sulfur contents increase, the macroscopic structure of diesel exhaust particles turn from chain-like to a more complex agglomerate. The inner cores of the core-shell structure belonging to these primary particles change little; the shell thickness decreases, and the spacing of carbon layer gradually descends, and amorphous materials that attached onto outer carbon layer of primary particles increase. Size distributions of primary particles present a unimodal and normal distribution, and higher sulfur contents lead to larger size primary particles. The sulfur content in lubricants directly affects the chemical composition in the particles. The content of C (carbon) decreases as sulfur increases in the lubricants, while the contents of O (oxygen), S (sulfur) and trace elements (including S, Si (silicon), Fe (ferrum), P (phosphorus), Ca (calcium), Zn (zinc), Mg (magnesium), Cl (chlorine) and Ni (nickel)) all increase in particles.     

BTEX pollution caused by motorcycles in the megacity of HoChiMinh

Monitoring of benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTEX) was conducted along with traffic counts at 17 roadside sites in urban areas of HoChiMinh. Toluene was the most abundant substance, followed by p,m-xylenes, benzene, o-xylene and ethylbenzene. The maximum observed hour-average benzene concentration was 254 μg/m3 . Motorcycles contributed to 91% of the traffic fleet. High correlations among BTEX species, between BTEX concentrations and the volume of on-road motorcycles, and between inter-species ratios in air and in gasoline indicate the motorcycle-exhaust origin of BTEX species. Daily concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p,m-xylenes and o-xylene were 56, 121, 21, 64 and 23 μg/m 3 , respectively. p,m-xylenes possess the highest ozone formation potential among the BTEX family.     

浅议轮胎企业有机废气排放因子

介绍了AP-42、GB27632—2011中轮胎企业有机废气污染物情况,并与轮胎企业有机废气污染物实测数据进行比较分析,探讨了有机废气的排放因子。结果表明轮胎企业有机废气主要来自于炼胶、硫化工序,排放主要污染物为颗粒物、二甲苯、非甲烷总烃和二硫化碳,排放因子可参照AP-42确定。     

狭缝结构对船用排气引射装置气膜冷却性能影响的模拟研究

船用燃气轮机的排气温度很高,为了降低排气管道和排气烟羽的红外辐射,在排气喷管上方安装排气引射装置,利用引射原理卷吸环境中的冷空气,降低排气温度,同时在壁面上形成冷却气膜,防止壁面温度升高。排气引射装置的扩压管为多级圆环结构组成,文中利用数值计算的方法模拟了扩压管圆环间狭缝结构对壁面温度的影响,得到了壁面上的温度分布,确定了冷却气膜的长度,为扩压管的设计提供了参考。     

城市道路机动车尾气污染物扩散模型研究概况

介绍了国外几个主要城市道路机动车尾气污染物扩散模型,以及模型的分类、特点和发展过程。同时,简要介绍了国内学者利用主要扩散模型对于城市道路机动车污染物的研究。     

Impacts of converting from leaded to unleaded gasoline on ambient lead concentrations in Jakarta metropolitan area

Total suspended particulate mater （TSP） concentrations were monitored for one year from July 2000 and for one year from April 2003 in Jakarta City. Thirteen elemental TSP components, aluminum （Al）, sodium （Na）, iron （Fe）, lead （Pb）, potassium （K）, zinc （Zn）, titanium （Ti）, manganese （Mn）, bromine （Br）, copper （Cu）, chromium （Cr）, nickel （Ni）, and vanadium （V） were analyzed by a sequential X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Al, Na, Fe, K, and Pb were major components at most of the sampling locations in 2000. However, only Pb in 2003 dramatically decreased to one tenth. The phase-out of leaded gasoline began on July 1, 2001 in Jakarta City and lead content in gasoline decreased to one tenth, too. The decrease in Pb concentration was a result of the phase-out of leaded gasoline, as lead emissions mainly are exhaust gas from vehicles.     

含信号控制人行横道的街道峡谷污染物扩散三维数值模拟

耦合微观交通仿真和机动车尾气排放模型,分别对含信号控制人行横道和不含信号控制人行横道的街道峡谷污染物排放进行计算,并以此为排放源,采用k-ε两方程模型与组分输运方程对风向与街道垂直时的污染扩散情况进行了三维数值模拟.结果表明,k-ε两方程模型与组分输运方程可以较好地模拟风向与街道垂直时三维街道峡谷内的污染物扩散情况.峡...     

水泥窑协同处置POPs污染土壤对环境的影响研究

 分析了水泥窑协同处置POPs污染土壤对烟气中污染物排放和熟料品质的影响,结果表明,SO2、NOx、HCl、Hg、As、Ni、Pb、粉尘、二 的排放量均低于工业大气污染物排放规定限制,与空白试验相比,水泥窑协同处置污染土壤过程中烟气中特征污染物排放量没有显著增加.水泥熟料化学成分满足相关规定,熟料产品质量达到相关标准,因此利用水泥窑协同处置POPs污染土壤是一种环境友好处理方式.