丹江口水库水位抬高面临的挑战及其对策

移民与生态环境问题是丹江口水库水位抬高所面临的主要问题。移民问题是水位抬高首当其冲需要解决的难题,存在政策法规、移民资金、安置措施、脱贫致富等问题,需要以市场为导向,综合考虑诸多因素,制定可行的移民规划,确保移民的稳定和发展。生态环境问题是非常艰巨的问题,水土流失严重、污染源与污染总量日益增加、水质下降、支流库湾富营养化进程加剧等问题将困扰水库的运行与管理,后靠移民的生产生活也在一定程度上对生态环境产生影响;建议成立专门的监管机构,全方位开展水源地保护工作,确保水库水质安全和南水北调中线工程战略目标的实现。     

牡丹江流域水质变化趋势及水环境污染特征研究

通过对牡丹江近10年水质监测、评价及变化趋势研究,采用单项污染指数评价法、环境功能区达标评价法,评价牡丹江丰水期、平水期、枯水期水质现状,给出超标项目与超标倍数,计算污染分担率、污染负荷比,绘制主要污染物各断面浓度变化图,总结牡丹江污染特点和水质变化趋势,得出牡丹江水环境污染特征,为环境管理提供科学依据。     

福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质状况及保护措施

以2003年-2008年饮用水源地水质监测数据为基础,对福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质进行评价及趋势分析。评价结果表明：福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质总体较好,水质逐年改善,冬半年水质优于夏半年,湖库型水源地未出现水质富营养化现象;不同水体类型水源地中,地下水型水源地水质最好,河流型水源地次之,湖库型水源地水质较差。本文针对福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质状况及存在的安全问题,提出了相应的饮用水源地保护措施,为领导决策部门提供一定的理论依据。     

Development and application of a two-dimensional water quality model for the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake

Water quality models are important tools to support the optimization of aquatic ecosystem rehabilitation programs and assess their efficiency. Basing on the flow conditions of the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake, China, two-dimensional water quality model was developed in the research. The hydrodynamics module was numerically solved by the alternating direction iteration (ADI) method. The parameters of the water quality module were obtained through the in situ experiments and the lab analyses that were conducted from 2006 to 2007. The model was calibrated and verified by the observation data in 2007. Among the four modelled key variables that were water level, CODcr, NH3-N and PO4-P, the minimum value of the coefficient of determination (CoD) was 0.69, which mean the model performed reasonably well. The developed model was then applied to simulate the water quality changes at the downstream cross-section assuming that the designed restoration programs were implemented. According to the simulated results, the restoration programs could cut down the loads of CODcr and PO4-P about 15%, however, they would have very little effect on the NH3-N removal. Besides, the water quality at the outlet cross-section would be still in class V (3838-02), indicating more measures should be taken to further reduce the loads. The study demonstrated the capability of water quality models to support aquatic ecosystem restorations.     

High-resolution modeling and evaluation of ozone air quality of Osaka using MM5-CMAQ system

High-resolution modeling approach is increasingly being considered as a necessary step for improving the monitoring and predictions of regional air quality. This is especially true for highly urbanized region with complex terrain and land-use. This study uses Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model coupled with MM5 mesoscale model for a comprehensive analysis to assess the suitability of such high-resolution modeling system in predicting ozone air quality in the complex terrains of Osaka, Japan. The 1-km and 3-km grid domains were nested inside a 9-km domain and the domain with 1-km grid covered the Osaka region. High-resolution Grid Point Value-Mesoscale Model (GPV-MSM) data were used after suitable validation. The simulated ozone concentrations were validated and evaluated using statistical metrics using performance criteria set for ozone. Daily maxima of ozone were found better simulated by the 1-km grid domain than the coarser 9-km and 3-km domains, with the maximum improvement in the mean absolute gross error about 3 ppbv. In addition, 1-km grid results fared better than other grids at most of the observation stations that showed noticeable di erences in gross error as well as correlation. These results amply justify the use of the integrated high-resolution MM5-CMAQ modeling system in the highly urbanized region, such as the Osaka region, which has complex terrain and land-use.     

ASAR数据与ETM＋图像融合探测干旱区浅层地下水的应用

介绍了ETM＋图像与ASAR数据在探测浅层地下水方面的优缺点,并通过对内蒙古阿拉善左旗地区遥感资料的处理,研究了光谱图像与雷达数据融合后在探测浅层地下水方面的应用效果。研究表明该方法虽不能精确地探测到浅层地下水的埋深与范围,但对掌握宏观区域上浅表层地下水的分布较之单一数据源具有更快速、更直观的效果。     

浅谈废气监测的数据质量保证

从废气采样、相关参数测定、烟尘监测以及废气监测等方面,阐述了保证监测数据质量应注意的问题。结合实际,提出了提高废气监测数据质量的方法和建议。     

黄河兰州市区段水质污染的监测与防治

通过对黄河兰州市区段2007年水质进行监测,评价分析了黄河兰州段水体的污染现状、污染变化及其特征,结果表明黄河兰州市区段水质存在着不同程度的污染。对造成水质污染的原因、污染危害及防治对策进行了讨论,提出了相应的污染防治对策。     

牛栏江-滇池补水工程流域水污染主要来源初探

根据2002～2008年连续7a牛栏江流域（昆明段）河道和流域库区水质现状监测结果,对牛栏江-滇池补水工程流域的水环境质量现状进行了调查分析,初步探讨了流域水污染的主要来源,由此提出水污染防治的对策措施与建议。     

噪声监测的全过程质量控制

对于噪声的现场监测工作,提出全过程质量控制,明确总体方案。针对噪声监测的全过程,包括测量前准备、测量进行过程中遇到的各方面细节问题提出解决方法,保证其数据及结果的科学性、有效性。