高温作业人员的防护措施

正常气温对人体是必需的、有益的。高温则会引起中暑。当环境受热明显超过散热时,机体则会出现热蓄积;当热蓄积超过了体温调节能力,则出现过热、中暑,甚至死亡。本文从佩戴个体防护用品、技术措施等角度,提出了预防高温作业人员受到职业危害的具体措施。     

室内氢气泄漏扩散的数值模拟

氢能是有发展前景的新型能源之一,氢气的安全储存是氢能应用必须解决的问题。本文建立了基于大容量金属储氢装置的室内氢气泄漏扩散模型,利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,对室内储氢罐的泄漏扩散过程进行数值模拟,得到了氢气泄漏扩散的速度分布、浓度分布。分析数值模拟结果,得出在该模拟条件下,氢气泄漏时的流动状态为射流湍流;泄漏后上浮扩散,空间密闭时积累于室顶;通风条件下大部分区域的氢气浓度仍然高于安全限值。通过数值模拟,总结出氢气在室内环境下的泄漏扩散规律,可为氢气泄漏事故的处理消防安全设置提供依据。     

槐糖脂生物表面活性剂的结构特征及理化性质初探

通过摇瓶培养实验,考察了假丝酵母菌（Candida bombicola）ATCC 22214以葡萄糖和油酸双底物为碳源,采用一次加料培养和分批补料培养方式进行发酵制备槐糖脂的过程,并利用高效液相色谱/电喷雾飞行时间质谱联用仪确定了所产槐糖脂的结构,初步研究了其主要的理化性质.结果表明,一次加料培养中,该菌株生长稳定期的...     

Influence of grain size on species-habitat models

High resolution remote sensing data facilitate the use of small-scale habitat features such as trees or hedges in the analysis of species-habitat relationships. Such data potentially enable more accurate species-habitat mapping than lower resolution data. Here, for the first time, we systematically investigated this hypothesis by altering the spatial resolution from 1 m up to 1000 m grain size in species-habitat models of 13 bird species. The study area covered the Nidda river catchment in central Germany, a large heterogeneous landscape of 1620 km². A high resolution habitat map of the area was converted to coarser spatial and thematic resolutions in seven steps. We investigated how model performance responded to grain size, and we compared the differential effects of spatial resolution and thematic resolution on model performance. Explained deviance (D²) of the bird models generally decreased with coarser spatial resolution of the data, although it did not decrease monotonically in all species. On average across all species, model D² decreased from 41.5 at 1 m grain size to 15.9 at 1000 m grain size. Ten species were best modelled at 1 m, two species at 3 m and one species at 32 m grain size. Model performance degraded continuously with increasing grain size, both in habitat generalist and habitat specialist bird species, and was systematically lower in habitat generalists. The higher model performance observed at finer grain sizes was most likely caused by the combination of three factors: (1) high spatial accuracy of bird records and (2) a more precise location and delineation of habitat features and, (3) to a lesser degree, by more habitat types differentiated in maps of finer resolution. We conclude that higher spatial and thematic resolution data can be essential for deriving accurate predictions on bird distribution patterns from species-habitat models. Especially for bird species that are sensitive to specific land-use types or to small-scaled habitat features, a grain size of 1-3 m seems most promising.     

一株中度嗜盐淀粉酶产生菌的分离鉴定及酶活测定

为开发极端环境工业用酶,从新疆盐碱土微生物中分离得到一株中度嗜盐高产淀粉酶活性菌株H3,其能耐受30%盐浓度和pH 11的极端环境.通过形态特征、生理生化实验及16S rRNA基因序列分析,确定H3属于Gracilibacillus属.该菌株能在盐浓度为0~30%的培养基上生长,最适生长盐浓度为5%~10%,最适pH值为8.5.在最适生长盐浓度、pH条件下,其淀粉酶活性可达到4 830个活力单位,可用于高盐高碱环境下淀粉的水解.     

高速铁路隔振沟的隔振效应研究

结合工程实例,利用Ansys大型有限元通用软件对高速铁路隔振沟的隔振效应进行了数值模拟,分析了不同深度和宽度下隔振沟的隔振性能。研究表明,隔振沟的深度对隔振效应影响很大,隔振沟越深,隔振效果越明显;而隔振沟的宽度对隔振效应影响很小。最后,结合施工要求与经济条件,给出了高铁隔振沟的合理尺寸取值。     

厌氧氨氧化技术处理高浓度氨氮工业废水的可行性分析

厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)技术是一种新型自养生物脱氮工艺,处理低C/N比、高浓度氨氮废水具有突出优势.本文总结了厌氧氨氧化技术的应用现状和不同工业行业高氨氮废水的水质特征,分析了氨氮、有机物等因素对厌氧氨氧化菌的影响,讨论了厌氧氨氧化技术处理高氨氮工业废水的可行性,最后对其在工业废水处理领域的研究重点做出了展望.     

单级高速离心风机在350MW燃煤电厂烟气脱硫工艺节能改造中的应用

火力发电厂脱硫氧化风机常采用罗茨鼓风机,但其存在效率低、能耗高、噪声大的不足。单级高速离心鼓风机以其环保、高效、低噪等优势在市政水处理中得到大量应用,但在脱硫中很少使用。通过工艺对比和对单级高速离心鼓风机替代罗茨风机进行可行性分析并完成改造。改造后结果表明:单级高速离心鼓风机完全可替代脱硫罗茨风机,可实现节能,同时不改变脱硫石膏的品质,且可降低噪声水平。     

Adsorption of naphthalene onto a high-surface-area carbon from waste ion exchange resin

A high-surface-area carbon (KC-1) was prepared from waste polystyrene-based ion exchange resin by KOH activation and used for naphthalene adsorption. The carbon exhibited a good hydrophobic nature with developed porous structure, favoring the adsorption of organic compounds. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and total pore volume of KC-1 were 3442.2 and 1.68 cm 3 /g, respectively, which can be compared with those of KOH-activated carbons prepared from other precursors. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption of naphthalene onto KC-1. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Polanyi- Manes isotherms and agreed with the Polanyi-Manes Model. The adsorption of naphthalene depended greatly on the porosity of the carbon, and the dispersive interactions between naphthalene and carbon could be relatively weak. The pH variation in aqueous solution had little effect on the adsorption process. The equilibrium time for 0.04 g/L of carbon dose was around 5 hr. Different models were used to evaluate the kinetic data and the pseudo second-order model was suitable to describe the kinetic process of naphthalene adsorption onto KC-1. Regeneration of spent carbon could be carried out effectively by alcohol treatment. The results indicated that KC-1 was a promising adsorbent for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions.     

Synthesis of the starch grafting of superabsorbent and high oil-absorbing resin

The graft copolymerization of the starch and acrylic were used to prepare the superabsorbent, and the high oil-absorbing resin was also studied preliminarily. In addition, following the method of the emulsion polymerization, the cerium nitrate amine was regarded as the initiator, the acrylic amide and the methyl methacrylate functioned as the monomer. There are several significant parameters taken into consideration such as the factors that influence the performance of the superabsorbent and the high oil-absorbing resin, the dosage of the initiator amount, the ratio of the starch and the monomer and the dosage of crosslinking agent.