冷凝湿度控制对微振荡天平监测细颗粒物性能的改进

为提高细颗粒物(PM2.5)测量的准确性,尝试采用一种新型的气溶胶冷凝湿度控制器(简称冷凝湿度控制器)作为微振荡天平法颗粒物监测仪(TEOM)的除湿方式,在广东大气超级监测站开展了TEOM自动监测(一台采用传统的加热除湿方式,记为TEOM1405;另一台采用冷凝湿度控制器除湿,记为TEOM1405+除湿)和手工监测结果的对比。结果表明,根据PM2.5日均值相关性的拟合结果,TEOM1405监测较手工监测结果总体偏低约13%,加装冷凝湿度控制器后,TEOM1405+除湿监测较手工监测结果总体偏低在5%以内。加装冷凝湿度控制器后,显著提高了PM2.5的监测准确性;在相对湿度较高、二次颗粒物生成量较少的大气环境中,TEOM1405+除湿系统对PM2.5的监测结果是可靠的,而且在降雨过程中监测结果更为稳定;但在相对湿度较高、且二次颗粒物生成量较多的大气环境中,其对PM2.5的监测性能仍待进一步考察;在PM2.5污染比较严重的高污染时段,TEOM1405、TEOM1405+除湿监测到的PM2.5日均质量浓度分别比手工监测结果偏低26%和11%,偏低较多。但这种高污染情况在珠三角地区出现的概率很低,故采用TEOM1405+除湿系统进行PM2.5长期自动监测是可取的。     

积分分离模糊PID控制器在高温湿热试验控制系统中的应用

PID算法是一个广泛应用于工业控制的算法，但它对大惯性、大延迟、多变量的湿热交变控制系统实现精确控温控湿显得较为困难。本文介绍了一种基于模糊控制规则的积分分离模糊PID控制器，当系统调节开始时由于系统误差较大，系统的控制主要由模糊PD控制来实现；当系统误差较小时加入积分控制环节，系统切换为模糊PID控制，并将其应用于高温湿热试验系统控制，结果表明这种方法比普通PID控制精度高、超调量小，特别是对大范围温湿的变化具有更好的适应性和稳定性。     

蜂窝电话用锂离子电池的环境试验

国家标准GB/T18287-2000《蜂窝电话用锂离子电池总规范》中明确规定了锂离子电池的20℃常温,高温,恒定湿热性能,震动,碰撞,自由跌落等环境试验的具体方法及环境试验后的放电性能测试方法。     

六自由度动态模拟环境试验系统

六自由度动态模拟环境试验是考核车辆、舰船等运输工具在复线路面谱或海浪谱的运动条件和不同气候环境条件同时作用下的性能可靠性和行驶安全性及其使用寿命的重要模拟试验方法。本文详细介绍了为满足这一试验而研发的六自由度动态模拟环境试验系统。     

长三角地区地表干湿状况及极端干湿事件特征研究

利用Penman-Monteith模型及1957—2014年长三角地区43个气象站点逐日降水、气温、风速、日照时数及空气相对湿度实测数据,对参考作物蒸散量、地表湿润指数和极端干旱/湿润事件进行了计算和统计。运用线性回归、Trend-free pre-whitening (TFPW) Mann-Kendall趋势检验、Morlet小波分析等方法,分析了研究区地表湿润指数及极端干湿事件的时空分布特征。结果显示：1）近58 a长三角地区年及季节平均湿润指数在空间上呈南高北低分布格局;2）年湿润指数呈波动下降趋势,变化倾向率为-0.021/10 a,气候趋于干旱化。湿润期集中在20世纪80、90年代。突变年为2003年,并存在多个振荡周期。四季中,春秋季气候趋于干旱化,冬夏季反之。年际湿润指数变异系数和变化趋势存在明显的空间差异;3）年极端干旱事件发生频率呈波动上升趋势,年极端湿润事件则呈现微弱的下降趋势,均存在空间差异。     

Laboratory Measurement of Dry Deposition of Ozone onto Northern Chinese Soil Samples

We used laboratory experiments to investigate surface resistance (R _c) to dry deposition of ozone (O₃) on different types of soil samples collected from the arid deserts and the Loess Plateau of northern China. Furthermore, we measured the factors that affected R _c, which depends on the physical and chemical interaction between trace constituents and the deposition surface, and evaluated deposition velocity (V _d). There was little influence of geometric surface area, soil weight, or O₃ concentration on V _d of O₃. The effect of relative humidity (RH) (i.e. moisture content of the soil) on O₃ uptake was in agreement with results reported in the literature: a distinct RH dependence of V _d and little uptake under water-saturated conditions were observed. R _c values for all the soil samples examined were in the range 0.21–3.3 s mm⁻¹ and were exponentially related to the surface area of the particles and the organic carbon content of each soil sample at RH of both <10 and 60%.     

潮湿巷道风流温度及湿度计算方法研究

对计算潮湿巷道中风流温度和湿度的方法进行改进,提出将饱和空气含湿量与温度的关系拟合为二次曲线计算巷道壁面水分蒸发的方法,编制模拟潮湿巷道中风流与围岩热交换和巷道壁面水分蒸发的计算机程序,解算出风流温度及湿度的变化规律。并将解算结果与将饱和空气含湿量与温度的关系拟合为线形曲线时的解算结果进行分析对比,将饱和空气含湿量和温度之间的关系简单拟合为线性,风流温度的误差在通风时间较短时相对误差较大。随通风距离增长风流温度和相对湿度的误差增加。     

Monitoring of Gin Drinkers' Bay landfill,Hong Kong: I. Landfill gas on top of the landfill

The present study centered on the composition of landfill gas and its effects on soil and plants at the Gin Drinkers' Bay (GDB) landfill in Hong Kong This first part of the study was a whole-year monitoring of landfill gas composition in the gas ventilation system installed on top of the landfill Methane, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ethylene were measured It was shown that gas generation was positively correlated with the amount of precipitation and air temperature and negatively correlated with atmospheric pressure     

GENERATION OF SYNTHETIC AND MISSING CLIMATIC DATA FOR PUERTO RICO1

ABSTRACT: Climatic data such as temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed have been widely used to estimate evapotranspiration. Moat of the solar radiation data and portions of the relative humidity data are either not available or missing from the records in Puerto Rico. Depending upon the availability and data characteristics of records, three methods (including a regression technique, an averaging of historical data, and a regional average) were used to generate missing data, and a time series analysis was used to synthesize a series of climatic data. The limitations and applicability of each method are discussed. The results showed that the time series analysis method can be successfully used to synthesize a series of monthly solar radiations for several stations. The regression technique and the regional average can be successfully applied to generate missing monthly solar radiation data. The regression technique and the averaging of historical data have been satisfactorily used to interpolate missing monthly relative humidity. The explained variance (R²) varied from 0.68 to 0.88, which are both significant at the 0.05 level of significance.     

空气湿度对煤自燃特性影响的试验研究

为研究空气湿度对煤自燃特性的影响,运用程序升温试验台,在不同环境湿度条件下,对黄陵2号矿4#煤层煤样进行程序升温,分析不同温度下的气体成分,计算煤样在不同温度和湿度条件下的耗氧速率、CO和CO_2产生率,以及煤氧化的表观活化能。结果表明:与在干燥的空气中氧化相比,煤在加湿空气中的耗氧速率、CO和CO_2产生率升高,活化能降低,表明加湿有利于煤自燃;随空气湿度增加,煤体的耗氧速率、cO和CO_2产生率先升高后降低,活化能先降低后增加,表明存在一个最容易使煤氧化自燃的临界空气湿度;黄陵2号矿4#煤层煤样的临界相对湿度为25%左右。