基于城市创新的京津冀城市群资源整合探索

以京津冀城市群为研究对象,通过测度城市综合实力、构建城市创新体系,结合城市经济发展不一致指数,探究城市创新对城市群协调发展的效应。结果表明:①京津冀城市群创新能力差距大,高等级创新城市对周边区域的辐射带动作用不明显,其中北京市"虹吸效应"显著,天津市次之,河北省石家庄、保定、唐山科创能力在本省内较高。②城市群内部资源配置不均,城市间联系较弱,中心城市周边区域"岛、洞"现象明显。据此,提出京津冀城市群内部区域间资源整合的发展策略和区域协同发展的政策建议。     

基于基尼系数方法的长三角区域绿色发展状况均衡性探析

本文采用主成分分析方法,测算了长三角一体化区域经济发展与环境负荷系统综合指数;运用耦合协调模型,对两系统耦合协调度进行了考察;依据耦合协调度,构建了绿色发展能力判别标准,据此对绿色发展状态进行了识别;基于基尼系数方法,对绿色发展状况均衡性进行了探索。结果表明:(1)安徽、浙江、江苏、上海的经济发展指数分别由2005年的0.41、0.41、0.46、0.44跃升至2017年的0.81、0.72、0.85、0.84,环境负荷指数分别由2005年的0.91、0.91、0.90、0.84降至2017年的0.58、0.51、0.55、0.44;(2)研究时段内,安徽、浙江、江苏、上海的耦合协调度均值分别为0.7677、0.7667、0.7688、0.7691,均呈准绿色发展状态;(3)考察时序内,长三角一体化区域绿色发展能力基尼系数均值为0.0129,准绿色发展能力均衡。基于研究结果,提出了提升长三角一体化区域绿色发展能力的政策建议。     

危险化学品装卸运输一体化安全风险预警平台设计与研究

针对危险化学品装卸环节与运输环节安全事故频发,涉及监管部门较多,及危险化学品流转过程中多物态、跨地域、跨时空的特征通过调研和分析,得出运输介质不符、疲劳驾驶、超载、企业超资质营业、装卸操作不规范等是影响危险化学品装卸、运输环节的主要安全风险因素;另外,装卸、运输环节安全风险影响因素之间存在紧密的耦合关系。为更有效落实企业安全生产主体责任和政府监管职责,严格依据相关法律法规和标准,并融合互联网、物联网、人工智能、地理信息等新一代信息化技术和理念,设计并研究集危险化学品装卸与运输一体化的安全风险预警平台。目前该平台已在山东淄博上线试运行,取得了良好的运行效果,提高了该市危险化学品装卸运输过程本质安全水平,增强了政府危险化学品监管能力。     

交通安全管理应对城乡交通一体化建设对策分析——以阜阳城区交通为例

以阜阳为例,分析城乡交通一体化建设给阜阳城区交通安全管理带来的挑战,通过对阜阳市城区路网结构、交通参与者的交通安全意识和交通安全管理压力3个方面的实地调查,得出传统交通管理模式已不能满足城乡交通一体化建设带来的新交通形势需要的结论。在借鉴国外发达国家交通安全管理对策的基础上,提出应对城乡交通一体化建设的交通安全管理策略:挖掘路网潜能治理混合交通策略、城乡交通一体化建设针对性管理策略和发展智能交通系统实现交通安全管理升级策略,使交通安全管理能够有效应对城乡一体化建设带来的各种挑战。     

When do climate change,sustainability, and economic development considerations overlap in cities?

Overlaps between economic development, sustainability and climate change objectives have both political and practical implications for the development of policies addressing climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, little empirical research has systematically investigated factors underlying these overlaps. Here, survey responses from 287 cities in the US are used to explore associations between the presence of such overlaps and these cities’ policy actions and contextual conditions. Patterns in the presence of these overlaps are described, which help shed light on the political economy underlying policymakers’ considerations about overlapping climate change mitigation and adaptation considerations with economic development or sustainability. Policymakers’ considerations about the possible political co-benefits and political trade-offs of these objective overlaps will play a critical role in shaping interconnected policy responses to complex challenges like climate change in the years ahead.     

Integrating Impacts into Adaptation Measures

A mechanism has been established to improve integration of international climate-related programmes. Known as the Climate Agenda it outlines a programme, that in a cost-effective way, responds to national obligations to respond to international agreements as well as their national needs for social and economic development. The paper briefly describes the Climate Agenda and the incorporation within it of studies of climate impact assessments and response strategies to reduce vulnerability. The need for increased emphasis on climate impact assessment and for the development of effective adaptation measures is emphasised following the elaboration of a Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). UNEP's efforts to identify national programmes contributing to the Climate Agenda are described.The response from developing countries has, however, been very disappointing, even from countries where we know work is ongoing through funding by GEF or US Country Studies Program and other bilateral programmes. Initial compilation of information available so far shows that many developed countries are putting a lot into the area of impact assessment of not just climate change, but also climate variability. There remain some research gaps, especially in the area of assessment of climate impacts on ecosystems, hydrological systems, etc. Considerable efforts are presently being directed at reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases and in the case of developing countries, most efforts are being directed towards completing national communications and providing baseline data for future studies.The paper refers to early activities by UNEP in cooperation with other international organizations to undertake integrated assessments of the impacts of climate change on important socio-economic sectors and the later incorporation of lessons learned into the IPCC Guidelines for Assessing Impacts of Climate Change.Later sections outline the development of a handbook on methods for climate change impact assessment and adaptation strategies as a practical approach to national assessments and the development of appropriate and cost-effective response to climate change.The initiation of a GEF-funded project to apply the methods contained in the handbook and improve the results based on national studies is also described for both developed and developing countries.Working in collaboration with a team of international experts under the coordination of the Institute of Environmental Studies at Vrije University (Amsterdam), the goal of this ongoing project is to develop a valuable methodological tool that Parties to the UNFCCC may apply to develop national climate change impact and adaptation assessments. Development of these guidelines was linked to a series of country studies in Antigua and Barbuda, Estonia, Cameroon and Pakistan funded under a UNEP/GEF project. The application of the first version of the UNEP Handbook by national study teams in these four countries is making valuable technical and practical contributions and will ensure that the next version of the Handbook will be a more useful tool for experts in developing countries undertaking similar studies in the future. The methods contained in the Handbook are also the basis for similar assessments funded under bilateral development programmes in other countries. These and similar studies elsewhere are coordinated with the UNEP programme and will eventually aim to create reliable and comparable assessments, a compatible set of tools for such purpose and the identification of realistic adaptation options for incorporation into national planning for adapting to climate change. The paper also addresses how climate impact assessment and response strategies are undertaken as part of national enabling activities carried out in co-operation with UNEP.     

煤矿安全综合监控的网络管理系统研究

为准确监控从业人员,落实上岗准许制度,并及时分析各行政区域的矿井状况,共享管理人员和特种作业人员信息,及时发布培训和复训指令,及时跟踪矿井内作业人员信息、地质环境及通风和瓦斯监测信息,建立C#数据库网络管理系统,集成矿井地质环境监控数据、通风与瓦斯监控信息、矿井作业人员定位或虹膜检测等数据。实际表明,网络管理系统操作简单、运行稳定、可靠、人机对话界面人性化,监管部门能对矿山企业持证上岗情况实时动态监管,也能及时掌握矿井地质环境和隐患等信息。     

“生态四川”的法制诉求

为了落实可持续发展的国家战略,四川省提出了“生态四川”的发展方向。实践“生态四川”离不开法律的支持,而四川省现有的生态立法存在一些不足,成为制约建构“生态四川”的瓶颈。因此应在“生态四川”基本理念的指引下,在立法上进行价值取向、方法论和权利配置手段的创新,并在此基础上提出“生态四川”立法的指导思想、立法重点和制度设计方案。     

Why is integrating policy assessment so hard? A comparative analysis of the institutional capacities and constraints

Widely advocated as a means to make policy making more integrated, policy assessment remains weakly integrated in practice. But explanations for this shortfall, such as lack of staff training and resources, ignore more fundamental institutional factors. This paper identifies institutional capacities supporting and constraining attempts to make policy assessment more integrated. A comparative empirical analysis of functionally equivalent assessment systems in four European jurisdictions finds that there are wide-ranging institutional constraints upon integration. These include international policy commitments, the perception that assessment should support rather than determine policy, organisational traditions, and the sectorisation of policy making. This paper concludes by exploring the potential for altering these institutions to make policy assessment more integrated.