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951.
Pipeline crossing construction alters river and stream channels, hence may have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems.
This review examines the effects of crossing construction on fish and fish habitat in rivers and streams, and recommends an
approach to monitoring and assessment of impacts associated with these activities. Pipeline crossing construction is shown
to not only compromise the integrity of the physical and chemical nature of fish habitat, but also to affect biological habitat
(e.g., benthic invertebrates and invertebrate drift), and fish behavior and physiology. Indicators of effect include: water
quality (total suspended solids TSS), physical habitat (substrate particle size, channel morphology), benthic invertebrate
community structure and drift (abundance, species composition, diversity, standing crop), and fish behavior and physiology
(hierarchy, feeding, respiration rate, loss of equilibrium, blood hematocrit and leukocrit levels, heart rate and stroke volume).
The Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) approach, which is often applied in Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM), is recommended
as a basis for impact assessment, as is consideration of site-specific sensitivities, assessment of significance, and cumulative
effects. 相似文献
952.
The Distribution and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Sediments Along the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
El Nemr A Said TO Khaled A El-Sikaily A Abd-Allah AM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,124(1-3):343-359
Coastal marine sediment samples were collected from 31 sampling stations along the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea coast. All sediment
samples were analyzed to determine aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as total organic carbon (TOC)
contents and grain size analysis. Total concentrations of 16 EPA-PAHs in the sediments were varied from 88 to 6338 ng g−1 with an average value of 154 ng g−1 (dry weight). However, the concentrations of total aliphatic were varied from 1.3 to 69.9 ng g−1 with an average value of 15.6 ng g−1 (dry weight). The highest contents of PAHs were found in the Eastern harbor (6338 ng g−1), Manzala (5206 ng g−1) and El-Jamil East (4895 ng g−1) locations. Good correlations observed between a certain numbers of PAH concentrations allowed to identify its origin. The
average total organic carbon (TOC) percent was varied from 0.91 to 4.54%. Higher concentration of total pyrolytic hydrocarbons
(∑COMB) than total fossil hydrocarbons (∑PHE) declared that atmospheric fall-out is the significant source of PAHs to marine
sediments of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. The selected marked compounds, a principal component analysis (PCA) and special
PAHs compound ratios (phenanthrene/anthracene vs fluoranthene/pyrene; ∑COMB/∑EPA-PAHs) suggest the pyrogenic origins, especially
traffic exhausts, are the dominant sources of PAHs in most locations. Interferences of rather petrogenic and pyrolytic PAH
contaminations were noticed in the harbors due to petroleum products deliveries and fuel combustion emissions from the ships
staying alongside the quays. 相似文献
953.
The need for accurate carbon budgeting, climate change modelling, and sustainable resource management has lead to an increase
in the number of large area forest monitoring programs. Large area forest monitoring programs often utilize field and remotely
sensed data sources. Sampling, via field or photo plots, enables the collection of data with the desired level of categorical
detail in a timely and efficient manner. When sampling, the aim is to collect representative detailed data enabling the statistical
reporting upon the characteristics of larger areas. As a consequence, approaches for investigating how well sample data represent
larger areas (i.e., the sample neighbourhood and the population) are desired. Presented in this communication is a quantitative
approach for assessing the nature of sampled areas in relation to surrounding areas and the overall population of interest.
Classified Landsat data is converted to forest/non-forest categories to provide a consistent and uniform data set over a 130,000 km2 study region in central British Columbia, Canada. From this larger study area 322 2 × 2 km photo plots on a 20 × 20 km systematic
grid are populated with composition and configuration information for comparison to non-sampled areas. Results indicate that
typically, within the study area, the spatial pattern of forest within a photo plot is representative of the forest patterns
found within primary and secondary neighbourhoods and over the entire population of the study. These methods have implications
for understanding the nature of data used in monitoring programs worldwide. The ability to audit photo and field plot information
promotes an increased understanding of the results developed from sampling and provides tools identifying locations of possible
bias. 相似文献
954.
Almeida CA Quintar S González P Mallea MA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):459-465
A study of the water quality of the Potrero de los Funes River (San Luis – Argentina) was carried out in order to evaluate
the possible effect of the anthropogenic activities on the river developed in the homonymous town. Samples were collected
during the period March 2000–November 2005 at three selected sampling sites (RP1, RP2 and RP3). Different physicochemical and bacteriological parameters (turbidity, pH, conductivity, suspended solids, alkalinity, potassium,
sodium, calcium, magnesium, chlorides, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates, chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-day biological oxygen
demand (BOD5), dissolved oxygen, total coliforms, Escherichia coli and total heterotrophic bacteria) were analysed according to the Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
When comparing the values of total coliforms, E. coli, total heterotrophic bacteria, COD, BOD5 and phosphates from the zone without anthropogenic influence (RP1) and the urban zones (RP2 and RP3) an important variation in the parameters was observed. These results indicate that the urban activity produces a serious
and negative effect on the water quality, thus constituting a sanitary risk and may have a major impact on the trophic status
of the Potrero de los Funes dam. As case study, we report on the use of General Quality Index (GQI) to evaluate spatial and
seasonal changes in the water quality of Potrero de los Funes River. Results revealed a significant degradation of the water
quality at RP2 and RP3. 相似文献
955.
956.
Pedrosa P 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,129(1-3):137-150
This study investigates the inherent optical properties (IOP) of a Brazilian river during a non-natural, anthropogenically
mediated, toxic spill of a wood-pulping factory (the ‘Cataguazes accident’). The results indicated an outstanding transformation
in the river water chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) pools. For instance, increases in CDOM absorption coefficients,
a
CDOM
(λ), which were averaged at specific spectral intervals, , ranged from 58-fold at the UV-B and UV-A ranges to 95-fold at the PAR range. As a result, the water color expressed as CDOM
absorption at 440 nm, a
CDOM
(440), varied from 4.16 to 365.03 m-1. For S-coefficient, the variations ranged from ∼1.1 to 5.6-fold, respectively, at the 300–650 nm and UV-B range. The variability
of S as a proxy of dissolved chromophores was thus clearly influenced by the spectral range used. Optical proportions were also
investigated through the use of and S ratios at the UV-B, UV-A, and PAR ranges and, in the case of , also at the NIR range. This approach also showed clear variations between the water samples, likely reflecting changes in
the composition of optically active substances in the river system. As a whole, the findings obtained here indicated that
both the quantity and quality of the chromophoric material dissolved in the river water were greatly altered by the toxic
spill. The changes in the optical properties of the river water, although extreme and likely with no parallel in the literature,
were quite rapid as indicated by the optical resilience of the system. Overall, this study indicates that IOP might be thought,
and possibly used, as a metric tool for monitoring the state of waters and aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
957.
天津市环境监测元数据模式 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
解辉 《城市环境与城市生态》2000,(3)
元数据技术是目前环境监测信息管理的发展趋势 ,文章对基于元数据的天津市环境监测信息共享模式进行了探索与研究 ,提出了元数据系统功能及内容框架的解决方案。 相似文献
958.
959.
960.
The area around Chandidongri (latitude 21 deg 02 prime N and longitude 80 deg 37 prime E) is covered by granitic gneisses and amphibolites of the Amgaon Group and granites and rhyolites of the Dongargarh super group. The granites which cover the major portion of the area have been intruded into by a number of dolerite and epidiorite dykes and traversed by a few N–S trending shear zones. A well-known fluorite deposit is located along the Lamtidongri–Kotnapani shear zone. Besides this deposit, the authors have located a few occurrences of fluorite along other shear zones where epidiorite dykes are in association with granites. A number of cases of fluorosis have been reported from those parts of Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh which are covered by granitic rocks and also from the eastern parts of Bhandara district which are adjacent to the area described here. The Chandidongri area is mainly covered by granitic rocks, which at places show the presence of fluorite mineralisation. Taking into consideration these facts, the authors have investigated the area to study the cases of fluorosis if any, and the impact of geology and fluorite mining on the water quality in this region. During the survey, we have not come across any cases of fluorosis in this region. The pH is more than 7 and the fluoride concentration is within the permissible limit. 相似文献