Calculating overpressure from BLEVE explosions

Although a certain number of authors have analyzed the prediction of boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (BLEVE) and fireball effects, only very few of them have proposed methodologies for predicting the overpressure from such explosions. In this paper, the methods previously published are discussed and shown to introduce a significant overestimation due to the erroneous thermodynamic assumptions—ideal gas behaviour and isentropic vapour expansion—on which they are based (in fact, they give the maximum value of overpressure which can be caused by a BLEVE). A new approach is proposed, based on the—more realistic—assumption of an adiabatic and irreversible expansion process; the real properties of the substance involved in the explosion are used. The two methods are compared through the application to a given case.     

夹点技术--一种有效的清洁生产方法

夹点技术作为一种有效的清洁生产措施可用于能源优化、资源节约、废物减量及污染防治等方面，能收到良好的经济效益和环境效益。本文介绍夹点技术的基本原理、应用研究领域及其发展趋势。     

废电池综合利用新技术与工艺

介绍了国内外废电池处理现状,对近年来废电池处理的新技术与工艺做了详细评述.同时,针对我国废电池资源化处理过程中遇到的问题,提出了相应的对策.     

基于模糊理论的加油站安全评价方法研究

加油站安全状况是一个涉及多因素、多层次结构的非线性系统.本文针对加油站特点分析构建了加油站安全评价指标因素体系,并运用层次分析法在确定各评价指标因素相对权重的基础上,基于模糊数学理论,建立了加油站安全综合评价数学模型,并对该模型进行了实例验证,为加油站的安全评价提供了一种有效的综合评价方法.     

选矿拜耳法氧化铝生产过程危害评价与对策

选矿拜耳法生产氧化铝是典型的冶金化工过程,涉及到了多种危险有害因素.本文通过对国内现役选矿拜耳法氧化铝生产装置进行调研,同时结合国内外其他涉及氧化铝生产厂家的情况,分析并指出了生产过程中可能出现的危险有害因素,进而提出了相应对策措施,可为企业消除事故隐患实现安全生产提供保障.     

基于FAHP的黄河中下游灾害系统脆性评价

首次将复杂系统的脆性引用到黄河灾害的研究中,并根据复杂系统的层次结构,采用模糊层次分析法(FAHP)对黄河中下游灾害系统进行了分析.由模糊层次分析法求得了灾害子系统的相对重要度排序向量,找出了极易使黄河中下游系统崩溃的脆性因素.结合黄河中下游的现状,通过对系统必要的脆性分析,为决策者提供重要的参考依据.     

再燃法烟气脱硝技术

综述了再燃法烟气脱硝技术及其主要影响因素。通过对几种脱硝技术的分析比较，认为再燃脱硝是一种很有前景的脱硝技术，其投资和运行费用界于低NO。燃烧器和选择性催化还原技术之间，有喷氨条件下的先进再燃脱硝效率接近于选择性催化还原技术。总结了国内外对先进再燃脱硝技术各种参数影响条件的研究结果，并论述了该技术的应用要点。     

Stabilization and utilization of hospital waste as road and asphalt aggregate

This article reports the operational results of the effective utilization of hospital waste molten slag produced using a high-temperature melting system, and being operated at a hospital in Selangor, Malaysia. The hospital waste is incinerated and subsequently melted at 1200°C. Scanning election microscope (SEM)/EDX results showed that the slag produced after melting contained amounts of SiO₂, CaO, and Al₂O₃ in excess of 53%, 9%, and 16%, respectively. The results from a leaching analysis on the slag produced proved that the melting process had successfully stabilized the heavy metals. The use of this slag as an alternative material to replace conventional aggregates for road construction was studied. The results from aggregate and asphalt mix tests showed that the slag produced fulfills all the requirements of an alternative aggregate. The average asphalt content, or the optimum asphalt content to be mixed with hospital waste molten slag, was found to be about 5.53%.     

Chemical and process mineralogical characterizations of spent lithium-ion batteries: An approach by multi-analytical techniques

Mineral processing operation is a critical step in any recycling process to realize liberation, separation and concentration of the target parts. Developing effective recycling methods to recover all the valuable parts from spent lithium-ion batteries is in great necessity. The aim of this study is to carefully undertake chemical and process mineralogical characterizations of spent lithium-ion batteries by coupling several analytical techniques to provide basic information for the researches on effective mechanical crushing and separation methods in recycling process. The results show that the grade of Co, Cu and Al is fairly high in spent lithium ion batteries and up to 17.62 wt.%, 7.17 wt.% and 21.60 wt.%. Spent lithium-ion batteries have good selective crushing property, the crushed products could be divided into three parts, they are Al-enriched fraction (+2 mm), Cu and Al-enriched fraction (?2 + 0.25 mm) and Co and graphite-enriched fraction (?0.25 mm). The mineral phase and chemical state analysis reveal the electrode materials recovered from ?0.25 mm size fraction keep the original crystal forms and chemical states in lithium-ion batteries, but the surface of the powders has been coated by a certain kind of hydrocarbon. Based on these results a flowsheet to recycle spent LiBs is proposed.