基于博弈赋权和灰色关联投影的电网综合风险评估方法

为了对风险形式多样化的电网进行全面客观的评估,提出了一种基于博弈赋权和灰色关联投影的电网综合风险评估方法。首先,通过分析现代电网面临的风险因素,从网架结构、运行状态、能源供给3个方面重新构建了风险评估指标体系;其次,基于博弈赋权模型融合指标主观权值与客观权值,最大化消除了单一赋权法造成的权值偏差;然后,通过灰色关联投影模型计算风险指标样本在理想解上的投影,并以风险指标样本对负理想解的优属度来表征电网综合风险大小;最后,通过案例分析验证了所提方法的有效性和正确性。研究所得电网综合风险评估结果具有合理性和可靠性,对电网调度规划决策的形成具有一定的指导作用。     

Examination of model predictions at different horizontal grid resolutions

While fluctuations in meteorological and air quality variables occur on a continuum of spatial scales, the horizontal grid spacing of coupled meteorological and photochemical models sets a lower limit on the spatial scales that they can resolve. However, both computational costs and data requirements increase significantly with increasing grid resolution. Therefore, it is important to examine, for any given application, whether the expected benefit of increased grid resolution justifies the extra costs. In this study, we examine temperature and ozone observations and model predictions for three high ozone episodes that occurred over the northeastern United States during the summer of 1995. In the first set of simulations, the meteorological model RAMS4a was run with three two-way nested grids of 108/36/12 km grid spacing covering the United States and the photochemical model UAM-V was run with two grids of 36/12 km grid spacing covering the eastern United States. In the second set of simulations, RAMS4a was run with four two-way nested grids of 108/36/12/4 km grid spacing and UAM-V was run with three grids of 36/12/4 km grid spacing with the finest resolution covering the northeastern United States. Our analysis focuses on the comparison of model predictions for the finest grid domain of the simulations, namely, the region overlapping the 12 km and 4 km domains. A comparison of 12 km versus 4 km fields shows that the increased grid resolution leads to finer texture in the model predictions; however, comparisons of model predictions with observations do not reveal the expected improvement in the predictions. While high-resolution modeling has scientific merit and potential uses, the currently available monitoring networks, in conjunction with the scarceness of highly resolved spatial input data and the limitations of model formulation, do not allow confirmation of the expected superiority of the high-resolution model predictions.The U.S. Governments right to retain a non-exclusive royalty-free licence in and to any copyright is acknowledged.     

几何法测定生物栅中美人蕉根系面积

设计了1种测定生物栅中水生植物根系面积的方法.通过分别测定美人蕉(Canna indica)3级根平均直径和2级根平均直径计算得到植物根系总面积.这种方法比常用的不分级测定植物根系直径及表面积的方法准确度高1个数量级,可以应用于大根系植物的根系测定.研究结果表明,生物栅装置中美人蕉根系总面积39.4 m2,3级根系面积是2级根系的22.2倍,而体积比接近2:1,3级根和2级根平均直径比小于1:10.应用生物栅技术处理富营养化水体时,表面积占绝对优势的3级根系在对氮、磷等元素的吸收,作为微生物附着的重要载体及加强植物与填料的固着能力,改善根系与填料的空间结构等方面起重要作用.     

化学纤维栅湿式过滤除尘的实验研究

化学纤维栅湿式除尘是一种复合机理的新型湿式过滤除尘技术,其过滤风速为2～10m/s,阻力仅为200～500Pa,除尘效率达到99.62％,能很好解决矿山溜井卸矿产生的粉尘,使溜井含尘气流经净化后达到新鲜风流卫生标准。     

基于GIS格网化分析支撑的旅游空间规划技术方法研究——以青岛市为例

空间规划是支撑旅游地发展规划的核心章节,目前主要依靠规划者经验判断,主观性较强,缺乏客观方面的信息数据支持。论文将GIS格网化与旅游资源评价模型相结合,提出了旅游资源单体采集、旅游资源格网化及其空间分析方法,并融合旅游资源群评价模型、旅游功能区识别模型、旅游线路和空间发展轴线识别模型予以支撑,形成了标准化的旅游资源采集、评价到空间识别的集成技术方法;并以青岛市为例,识别出了旅游资源集群及其发展潜力、旅游功能区和空间拓展轴线,确立了“一心、一带、三轴、五区”的空间发展格局。论文初步探讨了GIS格网化空间分析方法在区域旅游规划中的应用,能够补充传统定性评价方法客观性不足的缺陷,实现复杂旅游资源数据的单体评价、旅游资源集群评价、旅游功能区识别、旅游线路和空间发展轴线优选的系列化分析技术路线,可为延伸旅游规划深度、提高规划精度提供科学参考。     

磁絮凝预处理景观湖泊的补水试验研究

为了快速净化景观湖泊的补水,采用磁絮凝法对Ⅴ类甚至劣Ⅴ类河道水体进行预处理,设计正交试验,分析了絮凝剂(PAC)、助凝剂(PAM)以及磁铁粉的投加量对预处理效果的影响,并利用正交试验法和多指标综合评分法进一步优化磁絮凝预处理工艺参数,结果表明最佳工艺参数为:磁铁粉加入量100 mg/L,PAC投加量150 mg/L,PAM投加量2 mg/L。在此最佳工艺参数下,进行验证试验,COD去除率达到50.39%,TP去除率为96.65%,浊度去除率为91.59%,氨氮去除率为6.31%,除氨氮外,其他各指标基本均能达到地表水环境Ⅲ类水体标准,达到了预处理目的,为后续深度净化减轻负荷压力。     

Multi‐strainer model concept for conjunctive pumping of saline and non‐saline groundwater from coastal aquifers

The current paper discusses the multi‐strainer technique developed to augment usable water by the combined use of saline and non‐saline aquifers in locations where a freshwater aquifer is underlain or overlain by a saline water aquifer. The multi‐strainer technique evaluates design criteria for the formulation of multi‐strainer schemes to supply water at an acceptable salinity limit by combined use of the saline and non‐saline aquifers. The design ratio of discharges can be maintained by adjusting the strainers’ lengths in the saline and non‐saline aquifers. The multi‐strainer scheme has been applied in the coastal aquifers of Bangladesh and found to be effective at lowering the water salinity concentrations to acceptable levels, thus increasing the availability of water for sustainable use. The multi‐strainer scheme should be designed based on the thickness of the aquifer layers to be screened, the salinity concentrations of the screened layers, and the level of salinity concentration to be maintained.     

多铵复合盐分离工艺热工优化研究

多铵复合盐分离方法是利用纯物理的方法对焦炉煤气进行处理并分离出相应的盐类,在冷却结晶的过程中,从提高物料终冷温度的角度,对该方法进行相应的节能分析。一方面可以为当前生产提供节能改造依据,另一方面可以为该方法在大规模生产中的应用提供理论依据。     

大气污染总量控制方案的区域排放当量制定方法

在分析现有的大气污染总量控制方案的制定方法的基础上,本文提出了区域排放当量概念及相应的大气污染物总量控制方法。应用该概念制定总量控制方案,首先是运用线性规划模型求解区域允许排放当量,线性规划模型中的技术系数是以区域内网格为基础的污染物转移函数;其次是分配区域允许当量至各个污染源,从而确定污染源的允许排放量。该方法已在南昌市的大气污染总量控制方案的制定中得到应用。     

木薯乙醇-汽油混合燃料生命周期排放多目标优化研究

建立了木薯乙醇-汽油混合燃料生命周期排放单目标和多目标优化模型.以生命周期CO,NO_x,PM,HC,SO_x,CO₂排放为优化目标,对木薯乙醇-汽油混合燃料生命周期排放进行了单目标及多目标优化,并进行了灵敏度分析.结果表明:多目标优化后木薯乙醇-汽油混合燃料的混合比例为63%.与原始值相比,多目标优化后生命周期CO排放略有升高,NO_x升高15%,PM升高19%;生命周期HC、SO_x和CO₂分别降低8%、50%和21%.