土壤环境中活性X-3B红染料的吸附行为及影响因素

对土壤吸附活性X-3B红染料的速率进行了测定,表明可以划分为高速吸附、减速吸附、缓慢吸附和0(平衡)吸附4个阶段;但各土类在各不同的阶段,其吸附速率差异较大.通过对活性X-3B红染料的土壤吸附等温线的研究,发现其吸附行为与Langmuir方程相吻合;在此基础上的计算表明,该染料在土壤上的最大吸附量为:水稻土>红壤>棕壤>褐土.从环境因素的影响而论,模拟结果显示:当土壤有机质较低或气温下降,当土壤处于中性状态或水分过多和过少,均能通过减少其吸附量达到降低活性X-3B红染料在土壤环境中的积累.     

粉煤灰基吸附剂对模拟废水中Cd2+的吸附性能

以粉煤灰为原料、Na2CO3为助熔剂,采用盐熔融—水浴结晶法制备粉煤灰基吸附剂。探讨了吸附剂的最佳制备条件及其对模拟废水中Cd2+的最佳吸附条件、吸附动力学和吸附机理。实验结果表明:制备吸附剂的最佳工艺条件为m(粉煤灰)∶m(Na2CO3)为1∶2,焙烧温度为450℃;采用最佳制备工艺条件下制备的吸附剂(记作2-450℃-FA吸附剂),在初始Cd2+质量浓度为300 mg/L、初始溶液pH为7.7、振荡时间为120 min的条件下,对模拟废水中Cd2+的去除率为98.0%。2-450℃-FA吸附剂对Cd2+的吸附主要受颗粒内扩散控制,吸附过程可用准二级吸附动力学方程很好地描述。Ea为77.22 kJ/mol,吸附过程主要为化学吸附。     

三维荧光技术在水环境监测中的应用研究进展

介绍了三维荧光技术的测定原理、测定结果的表征方法和数据解析方法（峰值拾取法、荧光区域积分法和平行因子分析法）。讨论了三维荧光典型荧光峰与BOD₅、COD和TOC等水质指标的相关性,证明了三维荧光技术在水环境监测中的应用能力。综述了三维荧光技术在生活污水、工业废水和雨水等水环境监测中应用的研究进展,展望了其发展前景。     

序批式生物膜法处理屠宰废水

序批式生物膜法是将微生物培养在软性纤维填料上，形成生物膜后悬挂在废水处理反应器内，废水中溶解污染物在与生物膜的接触中被微生物分解，使水体得到净化。该方法较活性污泥法具有生物量大、抗冲击负荷强、操作简单、有机和无机污染物去除率高等优点。处理后的屠宰废水能够达标排放。     

微生物对环境污染物的分解作用

讨论微生物对污水中有机物的分解及对农药的降解作用，分析了微生物对环境污染的分解的特点。     

聚酯化纤废水中特征污染物含量与COD的相关性研究

研究了聚酯化纤废水中有机污染物乙醛、乙酸、乙二醇含量与ＣＯＤ之间的相关性，确定了ＣＯＤ与上述特征污染物含量的比值，并测定了它们的氧化率，为企业的生产工艺管理和 保管理提供了基础数据。     

Relationship of Water Quality and Pollutant Loads to Land Uses in adjoining watersheds1

ABSTRACT: The Grand and Saugeen Rivers in southern Ontario were chosen for study as pilot watersheds under the Pollution From Land Use Activities Reference Group (PLUARG) study. The pilot watersheds have adjacent headwater areas and are physically similar in geology, physiography, and climate. Significant differences in water quality between the watersheds at their outlets are attributed to land use and population differences. The major pollutant sources in the two pilot watersheds were identified as trace elements from urban runoff and point source discharges; phosphorus from agricultural and urban runoff and private waste disposal; chloride from transportation corridors; and sediment and nitrogen from agricultural runoff. Yields at the watershed outlets were similar for suspended sediment and two to three times as high in the Grand River for phosphours, nitrogen, chloride, and lead. The higher phosphorus and nitrogen levels were attributed to larger point source inputs and the higher proportion of agricultural activity, comprising 75 percent of the Grand River basin compared to 64 percent in the Saugeen River basin. Similarly, the higher chloride and lead levels were attributed to an order of magnitude larger population and three times as much urban land in the Grand River basin compared to the Saugeen River basin.     

ASSESSING SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR CROP IRRIGATION1

ABSTRACT: An economic analysis of the profitability of adopting solar photovoltaic energy systems for crop irrigation is undertaken. The economic, technological, and political uncertainties surrounding adoption are discussed with reference to their impact on anticipated profitability. On the assumption that the costs of producing photovoltaic modules follows a learning curve characteristic of other inventions, solar systems are likely to be viable for irrigation in some states by mid to late 1980s. A field test in Nebraska is described.     

钢铁行业典型HAPs的控制减排

针对钢铁行业有毒有害大气污染物(HAPs)的污染控制难题,以汞和二噁英为典型污染物,论述了钢铁行业HAPs排放特征及控制技术,介绍了HAPs的管控机制,提出了钢铁行业HAPs减排建议。     

Thought for Fuelling Change: A Review of Three Models for Understanding Environmentally Significant Transitions

For over a century, western economic development has depended upon the use of combustible hydrocarbons for its energy needs. The 20th century saw the prolific exploitation of fossil hydrocarbon sources (coal and oil) which are finite and exhaustible. There is a clear need for society to conserve such non-renewable resources. In addition to conservation, a wholesale switch to renewable energy sources should be seen as the first research and development priority. In the interim, moving towards a crop-based fuel economy appears to be a good alternative to provide the necessarily dramatic changes in lifestyle and mindset that would be required of consumers, for a wholesale shift away from hydrocarbon combustion. Before programs and policies designed to address the need for an interim or alternative energy and materials economy are put into place however, it is important to understand the barriers and opportunities put forth by society itself. Conventional frameworks designed to understand this type of change are of limited assistance. This paper argues that institutional thinking is a very useful tool in addressing these types of environmental problems.