绿灯间隔时间对交叉口交通安全的影响研究

在对世界其他国家黄灯的界定进行回顾的基础上,将国内道路交通安全法对黄灯的界定与其进行了对比,指出我国道路交通安全法中对黄灯的作用与定义的界定存在一定偏差;并运用汽车动力学原理及交通冲突理论,对驾驶员在绿灯间隔期间的驾驶行为以及车辆的行驶轨迹进行分析;确定了影响黄灯时长及全红时间计算的相关因素,提出了黄灯时长以及全红时间的计算公式。研究结果指出:科学合理的绿灯间隔设置是交叉口交通安全的保证;禁止车辆黄灯期间越过停车线以及取消黄灯都是不利于交通安全的做法。     

道路交通事故车辆行驶速度数值方法研究

为准确测算不同事故形态下的车辆行驶速度,客观公正地处理各类道路交通事故,笔者对常见的道路交通事故车辆行驶速度的计算方法进行分析和研究,系统地归纳了当前分析交通事故车辆行驶速度的一系列方法,主要是理论计算法、软件分析法、经验公式法、实验验证法、仪器读取法、监控信息测定法和人体特征损伤分析法等,为科学分析事故成因提供重要依据,也可作为道路交通事故处理工作的重要参考。     

基于灰色马尔可夫的道路交通事故预测

探讨灰色马尔可夫模型在道路交通事故中的具体应用。灰色模型适用于短期、数据量少和波动不大的预测问题,在长期预测时,数据序列拟合较差,预测精度偏低;而马尔可夫链适用于长期、数据序列随机波动大的预测问题。灰色马尔可夫模型结合了灰色GM(1,1)模型和马尔可夫理论的优点,利用灰色模型进行长期预测,再利用马尔可夫链理论进行波动状态预测,最后得到期望值。该模型克服了随机波动性数据对道路交通事故预测精度的影响,提高了灰色预测的准确度。实例结果,证明灰色马尔可夫GM(1,1)模型具有较好的应用价值,为道路交通安全管理提供了有用依据。     

某铅锌矿爆破有害效应分析及安全评估

以某铅锌矿爆破施工为背景,在现场试验的基础上,对测得的振动速度进行回归分析,得到场地爆破振动衰减规律,并结合爆破主频率,确定了周围民房的容许振动速度为2cm/s。同时,对爆破冲击波和噪声进行研究,结果表明:爆破振动、冲击波和噪声均与爆心距、炸药量有关。当爆心距相同时,噪声对建筑物和人员的影响最大,空气冲击波次之,爆破振动较小。主要从控制最大段药量和爆源距安全原则考虑,提出了防爆破振动、噪声和冲击波及飞石的安全距离。另外,还提出了硐口悬挂3层麻袋、堵塞炮泥和控制起爆网络中段间微差等安全措施,并对有害效应进行评估,其结果对后续爆破设计和施工具有实用价值和指导意义。     

柴油发电机房噪声治理的优化设计及应用

目前柴油发电机房噪声的设计与治理方法没有形成固定的模式,为了解决这个问题,文章以某柴油发电机房噪声治理为例,对该噪声控制进行理论探讨、设计计算和技术优化。以此为据完成了工程,取得了良好的处理效果。并为柴油发电机房噪声控制提供了一种可供参考的方法。     

轨道交通建设对城市生态环境的影响分析

轨道交通建设将在很大程度上改善城市目前的交通状况,对促进城市建设和推动经济发展具有重大的意义。轨道交通工程在施工期和运营期对城市生态环境都会产生不同程度的影响。本文仅以天津市地铁1号线为例,从施工期的噪声、振动、扬尘、水土流失等和运营期的推动经济发展、缓解地面交通、改善环境质量等若干个方面详细分析了地铁工程对城市生态环境正面和负面的影响。     

排除地电观测供电对地磁干扰装置在ZD8B地电仪中的应用

随着地震监测前兆手段仪器数字化、智能化的深入发展 ,在全国许多台站配备了数字地电仪和地磁数字智能仪 ,对观测数据的采集更科学更迅捷。但由于地电观测供电产生地下电流会带来磁干扰 ,对地磁观测带来了很大影响。笔者提出将排除地电观测供电对地磁干扰装置应用在ZD8B地电仪仪器中 ,从而避免了地电供电对地磁测量的影响     

Spatial concentration distributions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in Patras, Greece, in a winter period

An economic and quick methodology for performing a preliminary spatial assessment of a city air quality with the purpose to identify locations and zones susceptible to high pollution levels is proposed. A Patras case-study is selected, regarding the air pollutants of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and oxides of nitrogen (NO_x). A total number of 451 samples of short duration, of which 225 were randomly picked in morning rush hours and 226 within evening rush hours, were collected from 50 locations of the major Patras area during a year period, when peaks of primary air pollutants usually occur. Concentration measurements at prescribed locations used to statistically calculate spatial average concentrations approximating 1-h mean values with mean probable errors less than 25.9% for SO₂, NO and NO_x and less than 15.5% for NO₂. Then iso-concentration contour diagrams plotted indicate high pollution zones and possibly appropriate locations for continuous or random monitoring according to the European Community (EC) Directives. The 1-h mean concentrations were in good correlation to the corresponding traffic rates and useful relationships are given (0.54 ≤ r ≤ 0.63). In addition, comparisons with data available for other cities, as well as with the limit and guide values provided by the EC and the World Health Organization (WHO) were given. The present data could be useful for the design and optimization of a city network of stations for monitoring air quality, for environmental impact assessments, future reference and comparisons due to city development needs, as well as for validating dispersion models.     

Generation and Quantification of Hazardous Dusts from Coal Mining in the Indian Context

The increasing trend of opencast coal mining in India tends to release huge amounts of dust. But there is no well-defined method of estimating dust emission due to different coal mining activities. This paper examines the sources of dust emission due to coal mining activities, and focuses on the quantification of dust emission with the development and use of emission factors. Because of their site-specific nature, emission factors developed for one site may not give the correct results for another site. In the present investigation, prediction equations are utilized for the development of emission factors. For the applications of this concept, one large opencast coal project of Bharat Coking Coal Ltd. (BCCL) was investigated, and the total amount of dust emitted due to different mining activities was calculated by the utilization of emission factor data, which was estimated to be 9368.2 kg/day. This paper also focuses on the significance of this study in the field of environmental protection and likely impacts of such study. The paper concludes that once the amount of dust generation is estimated, the impact on air quality can be assessed appropriately and a proper air-pollution control strategy can be developed.     

高速公路交通安全影响因素分析

在分析我国高速公路交通安全现状的基础上,运用事故因果连锁论的原理,从人、车、道路环境、管理这四个方面,建立了高速公路交通事故致因模型,对影响高速公路交通安全的因素进行了探讨.高速公路交通安全影响因素分析为探究高速公路交通事故的发生规律和提高高速公路交通系统的安全性、可靠性,以及交通事故控制策略的制定提供了决策参考.