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401.
通过对某钢铁厂2014年发生的事故统计分析,找出事故发生的主要规律和原因,提出预防事故重复发生的措施,达到减少或杜绝事故发生,确保安全生产。 相似文献
402.
403.
Michael W. Van Liew Jurgen Garbrecht 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(2):413-426
ABSTRACT: Precipitation and streamflow data from three nested subwatersheds within the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW) in southwestern Oklahoma were used to evaluate the capabilities of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to predict streamflow under varying climatic conditions. Eight years of precipitation and streamflow data were used to calibrate parameters in the model, and 15 years of data were used for model validation. SWAT was calibrated on the smallest and largest sub‐watersheds for a wetter than average period of record. The model was then validated on a third subwatershed for a range in climatic conditions that included dry, average, and wet periods. Calibration of the model involved a multistep approach. A preliminary calibration was conducted to estimate model parameters so that measured versus simulated yearly and monthly runoff were in agreement for the respective calibration periods. Model parameters were then fine tuned based on a visual inspection of daily hydrographs and flow frequency curves. Calibration on a daily basis resulted in higher baseflows and lower peak runoff rates than were obtained in the preliminary calibration. Test results show that once the model was calibrated for wet climatic conditions, it did a good job in predicting streamflow responses over wet, average, and dry climatic conditions selected for model validation. Monthly coefficients of efficiencies were 0.65, 0.86, and 0.45 for the dry, average, and wet validation periods, respectively. Results of this investigation indicate that once calibrated, SWAT is capable of providing adequate simulations for hydrologic investigations related to the impact of climate variations on water resources of the LWREW. 相似文献
404.
405.
Jerry R. Rogers Robert S. Gemmell 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1971,7(3):581-591
ABSTRACT A critical examination of single gage site, monthly streamflow statistical characteristics for two southern Illinois rivers, an Oklahoma river and a Texas river was made using a digital computer at Northwestern University. High flow variability for the rivers was evident in that, for the rivers tested, 8 to 11 months had coefficients of variation in excess of unity. The gamma distribution was not as efficient as the normal distribution for fitting power or logarithmic transforms of the historical monthly flow data (i.e., F1-0, F0-5, F0-25, Fa125, F0.085, and log F). No single transform to a normal distribution was adequate for all twelve monthly flows, since definite seasonal grouping patterns were found for the four rivers examined. The highly variable flow in the low-flow season(s) indicated much more skewness than was typical of the remainder of the year. For the low-flow seasons, the higher-root (smaller exponent) transforms were particularly useful. Flows were generated from a linear regression model of lag one utilizing two or more transforms for the twelve periods. The definite seasonal patterns found historically were reproduced quite well in the generated streamflows. The effect of a change in data transform from one season to the next was insignificant after one month. Thus the use of different transforms within the year did not bias the results from the linear regression model appreciably, but did help in reproducing the seasonal distribution pattern. The technique seems especially well suited for rivers with highly variable flows. 相似文献
406.
Charles P. Becker Allender M. Griffin Carol S. Lown 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(5):963-975
ABSTRACT: Water resource and water quality management planning depend, to a large degree, on forecasts of industrial activity and population projections. A flexible economic data base is especially important where planning follows varying formats of geographical and industrial detail. Records of employment and payroll are collected in the administration of Unemployment Insurance (U.I.) programs and are available from State Employment Agencies. These statistics have been collected over a long period of record (thirty-five years). Many years of record are available on punched-cards or magnetic tape and may be arrayed and manipulated by computer. This basic approach has been followed in Virginia. Historical U.I. payroll and employment records for the period 1956 through 1970 were procured on magnetic tape. This data was arrayed by major hydrologic area and by regional planning district. Projections of manufacturing activity were then generated by fitting several exponential equations to annual payroll data in two-digit Standard Industrial Classifications. These exponentials were then extrapolated to provide a range of industrial projections. Other parameters of manufacturing activity were then correlated to the payroll data to generate projections of indexes such as employment, value-added, and gross manufacturing output. U.I. payroll data is now being correlated to parameters in non-manufacturing categories. Projections for industries such as trade and services will link extrapolated payroll data with benchmark correlations of payroll and sales receipts. 相似文献
407.
湖南汛期降水分区和变化规律的探讨 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用湖南52站汛期降水资料,根据聚类分析方法,进行降水分区,结果共分为Ⅰ区,Ⅲ区(湘北)Ⅲ区(湘东),Ⅳ区(湘中)和Ⅴ区(湘南)等5个区域,能反映地理位置和地形对降水的影响。然后,通过统计分析,讨论了各区域汛期降水的年际变化趋势,结果表明,Ⅱ区(湘北)汛期降水的年际变化最大;同时,根据各区域汛期降水的距平资料,探讨了它们的变化规律,结果显示,基本上都呈现出上升-下降-上升的特征,只有Ⅴ区(湘南)稍 相似文献
408.
本文以砷超标的典型地区为例,应用拟协克里格法探讨了当地潜水及两层承压水砷的空间变异特性。该方法建立于线性无偏估值理论的基础上,考虑不同变量间的相关性,引入拟协变异函数,利用已掌握的资料合理补充待研究的样本数据。应用结果表明,当地各层地下水中砷含量变异系数值分别为24.2%、26.02%、41.4%,块金值与基台值之比(C0/C0+C)分别为14.5%、3.9%、31.9%,体现了不同层位地下水砷含量的空间变异性除了受含水层结构差异的影响外,还与含水层中氧化还原条件有关。采用拟协克里格法,以潜水测试数据作为补充样本,校正两层承压水样本的估值结果,将白土山组及新近系承压水砷含量估计精度分别提高了38.1%和31.6%。该方法为大尺度、小样本情况下,开展随机变量的空间变异特征及分布规律研究提供了有效的途径。 相似文献
409.
Ultra-deep oil and gas wells have become a new development trend in onshore oil and gas exploitation. However, Ultra-deep oil and gas wellbore casing is with high failure risk due to the harsh environment. It is essential to evaluate the reliability of wellbore casing. This paper assesses the operational reliability of wellbore casing using data statistics and numerical simulation. Firstly, the theoretical model for reliability analysis of wellbore casing is established, and the variables in the model are determined, including rock mechanics, cement ring, and casing string strength factors. Subsequently, considering the random distribution of model variables, many statistics and analyses are performed to determine the distribution parameters of the model variables. Eventually, Monte Carlo based numerical simulations are carried out to obtain the residual strength distribution and the reliability of wellbore casing. The production casing in the ultra-deep well with a depth of 6.5 km in China as an industrial case is used to illustrate the present study. It is observed that this study can be useful to guide a more accurate assessment of the reliability of ultra-deep wellbore casing. 相似文献
410.
为提高油气井管柱服役的安全性,采用数据统计与可靠性理论评估油气井管柱可靠性。首先,识别影响管柱外载及其参数的变量,构建油气井管柱安全极限状态方程;然后,采集模型变量数据,确定变量分布与参数,形成油气井管柱可靠性数值模型;最后,通过蒙特卡洛方法计算影响管柱可靠性的关键变量和不同置信度水平下管柱剩余强度分布及安全系数取值。结果表明:目标区域油气井管柱剩余强度符合正态分布,得到不同置信度水平下管柱的可靠度,管柱的安全系数取值范围可满足管柱安全设计要求,所构建的方法可为实际生产中油气井井筒管柱安全评价提供技术支撑。 相似文献