Potassium carbonate-based ternary transition temperature mixture (deep eutectic analogues) for CO2 absorption: Characterizations and DFT analysis

st> stItem>•Addition of hindered amine increased thermal stability and viscosity of TTTM.stItem> stItem>•Addition of hindered amine improved the CO<sub>2 sub>absorption performance of TTTM.stItem> stItem>•Good the CO<sub>2sub> absorption of recycled solvents after two regenerations.stItem> stItem>•Important role of amine group in CO<sub>2sub> absorption of TTTM confirmed by DFT analysis.stItem>st> Is it possible to improve CO<sub>2sub> solubility in potassium carbonate (K<sub>2sub>CO<sub>3sub>)-based transition temperature mixtures (TTMs)? To assess this possibility, a ternary transition-temperature mixture (TTTM) was prepared by using a hindered amine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to detect the functional groups including hydroxyl, amine, carbonate ion, and aliphatic functional groups in the prepared solvents. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found that the addition of AMPD to the binary mixture can increase the thermal stability of TTTM. The viscosity findings showed that TTTM has a higher viscosity than TTM while their difference was decreased by increasing temperature. In addition, Eyring’s absolute rate theory was used to compute the activation parameters (ΔG*, ΔH*, and ΔS*). The CO<sub>2sub> solubility in liquids was measured at a temperature of 303.15 K and pressures up to 1.8 MPa. The results disclosed that the CO<sub>2sub> solubility of TTTM was improved by the addition of AMPD. At the pressure of about 1.8 MPa, the CO<sub>2sub> mole fractions of TTM and TTTM were 0.1697 and 0.2022, respectively. To confirm the experimental data, density functional theory (DFT) was employed. From the DFT analysis, it was found that the TTTM+ CO<sub>2sub> system has higher interaction energy (|ΔE |) than the TTM+ CO<sub>2sub> system indicating the higher CO<sub>2sub> affinity of the former system. This study might help scientists to better understand and to improve CO<sub>2sub> solubility in these types of solvents by choosing a suitable amine as HBD and finding the best combination of HBA and HBD.     

中国近三千年来火灾群发周期分析

中国近三千年来大火灾害事件存在着多种时间尺度的群发期。主要的群发期出现在中国周代（６００—４９０ａＢ．Ｃ）、西汉（６０－０ａＢ．Ｃ）、东汉（１００－２００ａＡ．Ｄ）、南北朝（４８０－５７０ａＡ．Ｄ）、唐代（７００－８５０ａＡ．Ｄ）、宋代（１１２０－１２４０ａＡ．Ｄ）、明代（１５００－１６００ａＡ．Ｄ）及清代（１６６０－１７６０ａＡ．Ｄ）八个时期。多尺度群发周期序列为５１７、１７３、１２９、９０、６３、４４、３２、２３、１６、１１年，具有普适性、可公度性、标度不变性。     

坡缕石黏土污泥对水相中亚甲基蓝吸附研究

利用坡缕石黏土污泥(从木质素磺酸钠废水中得到)和酸化的坡缕石黏土(1mol/L盐酸)作为吸附剂对水相中的亚甲基蓝进行吸附研究,并利用透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)及Zeta电位分析对两种吸附剂的结构及表面电性进行了表征.结果表明:当吸附剂用量为10mg,温度为30℃时,1mol/L盐酸酸化的坡缕石黏土最大吸附量为97.50mg/g,坡缕石黏土污泥最大吸附量为98.7mg/g.选取坡缕石黏土污泥作为最佳吸附剂,对污泥吸附亚甲基蓝的吸附等温线、吸附热力学及吸附动力学模型进行了研究,结果显示:此吸附过程为自发吸热过程,吸附等温线更符合Langmuir模型,吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型.     

芬顿试剂氧化对污泥脱水性能的影响

利用芬顿试剂调理污泥,以W<sub>Csub>(污泥滤饼含水率)和CST(毛细吸水时间)作为评价污泥脱水性能的指标,通过分析污泥中各层ρ(EPS)(EPS为胞外聚合物)和上清液中小分子有机物质量浓度来阐明污泥脱水性能的变化. 结果表明:芬顿试剂调理可促进EPS氧化分解,TB-EPS(紧密结合的胞外聚合物)破解转化为LB-EPS(松散结合的胞外聚合物)和S-EPS(上清液层胞外聚合物),大幅降低W<sub>Csub>和CST. 试验中当pH为4,w(H<sub>2sub>O<sub>2sub>)和 w(Fe2+)均为40 mg/g时,ρ(EPS)降低了33.04%,W<sub>Csub>和CST分别降至63.36%和28.7 s. Pearson相关性分析表明,ρ(TB-EPS)与W<sub>Csub>和CST均存在显著的正相关性(P＜0.01),是影响污泥脱水性能的重要因素,而ρ(LB-EPS)和ρ(S-EPS)与污泥脱水性能的相关性较低. 液相色谱分析表明,随着芬顿试剂投加量的增大,EPS等有机物分解程度增大,污泥上清液中小分子有机物种类明显增多,其质量浓度显著升高,ρ(甲酸)和ρ(乙酸)分别由原污泥的52.72、15.99 mg/L升至446.05、522.36 mg/L.&nbsp;     

Optimization of HSE in maintenance activities by integration of continuous improvement cycle and fuzzy multivariate approach: A gas refinery

Gas refineries have been continuously focusing on Health, Safety and Environment programs to improve maintenance activities. Several researches have studied on this area with different analysis methods. This study presents an integrated approach for optimization of factors contributing to the implementation of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) in maintenance activities. HSE managers in each sector answered standard questionnaire whit respect to HES. The methodology is based on fuzzy data envelopment analysis (FDEA) and Deming's continuous improvement cycle. Also, this method is used to rank the relevant performance efficiencies in certain and uncertain conditions of each HSE sectors whit considering HSE in maintenance activities. It corresponds and integrates its registered HSE-MS with OHSAS 18001:2007 and ISO 14001:2004 to evaluate multiple inputs and outputs of over 36 subsidiary HSE divisions with parallel mission and objectives simultaneously. Also, it determines efficient target indices and could assure continuous improvement in the organization. This is the first study that introduces an integrated approach to improve HSE management programs in a gas refinery by a robust and continuous improvement approach.     

Possibilities and limitations of ecotoxicological testing of chemicals

This study concerns the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) emission from gasoline and diesel automobile engines.

The sampling procedure, the extraction and the analytical method are presented. Using the gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry technique it is possible to detect and quantify easily about 15 PAH's. Data obtained on exhaust particles collected from gasoline and diesel automobile engines are presented and discussed.     

A case study of flood control schemes for the Kakehashi river and their socio-cultural consequences

SUMMARY

This paper is concerned with a twenty-five year campaign against the relocation of the Komatsu-Tenmangu shrine as a result of the enlargement of the Kakehashi river. The Komatsu-Tenmangu shrine is an important cultural property of Japan, and was constructed by Toshitsune Maeda, the third dynasty of the Kaga clan in 1657. It is suggested that the primary reason why it took so long to settle this issue is a flaw in our social system for managing public works. It is concluded that preservation of cultural property is not always contrary to land development, and that the proposed procedures or something like them must be put into practice for the real expansion of our culture.     

Rehabilitation of degraded community lands for sustainable development in Himalaya: a case study in Garhwal Himalaya,India

SUMMARY

An approach to the rehabilitation of degraded community lands built on people's perceptions and traditional knowledge was developed, implemented on a small scale (6 ha plot), and evaluated in terms of economic and ecological costs and benefits over a period of 5 years in a mid-altitude (1200 m) village of Garhwal Himalaya. Rehabilitation comprised establishment of water harvesting tanks, organic management of soil, agroforestry (native multipurpose trees t traditional crops), and decision making by the whole village community. Costs and benefits under irrigated and unirrigated conditions were compared. The total cost of establishing the irrigated agroforestry system was 1.23 fold that of the unirrigated one, whereas the total benefit was 2.09 fold. The average standing above-ground biomass of the 4-year-old plantation in the irrigated agroforestry system was 11.69 t/ha compared to 8.34 t/ha in the unirrigated system. Improvement in soil properties was more pronounced in the irrigated system than in the unirrigated one. Nutrient input, an input derived largely from forest biomass, in the unirrigated system was nearly 3 times higher than that in the irrigated system. It is concluded that, considering the local and national/regional/global interests in an integrated manner, agroforestry incorporating water management would be a more effective option for rehabilitating degraded community lands than the afforestation currently being attempted by the government in the mid-altitudes of Indian Himalaya.     

Incorporating health outcomes into environmental justice research: The case of children's asthma and air pollution in Phoenix,Arizona

Asthma is a health condition that is also an environmental justice issue. Using an environmental justice frame, this paper explores socio-demographic, indoor hazard, and air quality factors that contribute to disparities in asthma hospitalizations. Multivariate Poisson regression models predicting asthma hospitalizations at the zip code level are employed to examine the case of metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona (AZ). Controlling for socio-demographics, indoor hazards, and toxic releases from industry, ozone was the strongest predictor of asthma hospitalizations. This paper contributes to the project of inserting health measures into quantitative environmental justice studies.     

转野生荠菜凝集素基因棉花对赤子爱胜蚓的影响

在实验室条件下分别给赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)饲喂在自然状况下可能接受的棉叶最高添加量和2倍最高添加量的转野生荠菜凝集素(WSA)基因棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)叶片,并以其亲本棉花叶片为对照,以牛粪为阴性对照,以农药为阳性对照,研究种植转WSA基因棉花对赤子爱胜蚓死亡率、生长及繁殖的影响。结果表明,在49 d的试验周期内,与取食亲本棉花叶片的赤子爱胜蚓相比,取食转WSA基因棉花叶片的赤子爱胜蚓的死亡率,体质量,GST、SOD、纤维素酶活性以及蚓茧数和小蚯蚓数均无显著差异,未发现转WSA基因棉花对赤子爱胜蚓有不利影响。