膜法解吸CO_2吸收富液

采用中空纤维膜接触器(FMC)作为解吸装置,对吸收了CO_2的N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)溶液(富液)进行膜法解吸实验。考察了CO_2负荷、解吸温度、解吸压力、富液流速和N_2吹扫流量对CO_2解吸率的影响。结果表明,富液中CO_2负荷越大、解吸温度越高、解吸压力越低、富液流速越大、N_2吹扫流量越大,则CO_2解吸率越高。综合考虑,本实验优选的工艺条件为解吸温度45~65℃,解吸压力10~30 k Pa,富液流速0.08 m/s,N_2吹扫流量200 m L/min。     

企业安全管理体系的功能实现——生产安全问题确认和求解的视角

针对企业安全管理体系相关工作与日常安全管理之间存在的"两张皮"现象,首先借助企业生产安全"问题空间"和"解空间"的概念,探讨了企业安全管理的出发点和落脚点;然后,围绕企业具体安全问题的确认和求解,分析了如何在组织层面通过三阶"学习循环"推进体系功能的实现;最后,基于RACI模型探讨了如何在个体层面支持和响应组织层面的各阶"学习循环"以真正实现体系的功能。总之,"两张皮"现象主要来自企业生产安全"目的"和"手段"不能有效对接,安全管理体系建设和功能实现应从辨识和解决企业实际问题入手。     

失效磷酸基化学抛光液的再生

采用氟铝酸钠沉淀法去除失效磷酸基化学抛光液中的铝杂质,并对溶液再生利用的工艺条件进行了研究.实验结果表明,在氢氧化钠和氢氟酸加入量与理论值的比均为1.2(即n(氢氧化钠):n(Al~(3+)):2:1、n(氢氟酸):n(Al~(3+))=28:5)的条件下,采用二步法过滤后,抛光液中磷酸质量分数大于50%,磷酸回收率为79.5%,Al~(3+)去除率为97.1%,剩余Al~(3+)质量分数为0.05%.滤渣经处理后成为新的有价物质,滤液在补加磷酸和其他有效成分后可再生循环使用.     

Plant uptake of radiocaesium from artificially contaminated soil monoliths covering major European soil types

Uptake of ¹³⁷Cs was measured in different agricultural plant species (beans, lettuce, barley and ryegrass) grown in 5 undisturbed soil monoliths covering major European soil types. The first cultivation was made three years after soil contamination and plants were grown during 3 successive years. The plant–soil ¹³⁷Cs transfer factors varied maximally 12-fold among soils and 35-fold among species when grown on the same soil. Single correlations between transfer factors and soil properties were found, but they varied widely with plant type and can hardly be used as a predictive tool because of the few soils used. The variation of ¹³⁷Cs concentrations in plants among soils was related to differences in soil solution ¹³⁷Cs and K concentrations, consistent with previous observations in hydroponics and pot trials. Absolute values of transfer factors could not be predicted based on a model validated for pot trials. The ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in soil solution decreased significantly (11- to 250-fold) for most soils in the 1997–1999 period and is partly explained by decreasing K in soil solution. Transfer factors of lettuce showed both increasing and decreasing trends between 2 consecutive years depending on soil type. The trends could be explained by the variation in ¹³⁷Cs and K concentrations in soil solution. It is concluded that differences in ¹³⁷Cs transfer factors among soils and trends in transfer factors as a function of time can be explained from soil solution composition, as shown previously for pot trials, although absolute values of transfer factors could not be predicted.     

Effects of dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrient levels on carbon fixation and properties of Thermosynechococcus sp. in a continuous system

The concept of CO₂ chemo-absorption by sodium hydroxide in a wet scrubber followed by microalgae cultivation was used as a means to reduce the major greenhouse gas. A thermophilic and alkaline tolerable cyanobacterium named Thermosynechococcus CL-1 (TCL-1) was cultivated in continuous system, with a carbonate-bicarbonate buffer as carbon source. The effects of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC_in) and nutrient levels in influent on cell mass productivity, DIC removal efficiency, and alkaline solution regeneration by TCL-1 were investigated. The results show the highest cell mass productivity reaches 1.7 g L⁻¹ d⁻¹ under the highest DIC and nutrients level. Conversely, the best regeneration of alkaline solution proceeds from pH 9.5 to 11.3 under the lowest level. In addition, the highest ΔDIC (DIC consumption) and DIC removal efficiency are 42 mM and 43% at 113.2 and 57 mM DIC_in, respectively.     

Behavior of bensulfuron-methyl in an agricultural alkaline soil

A field experiment to determine the available bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) in the upper soil layer was conducted in an agricultural area in the South of Spain. To facilitate herbicide analysis, two application rates were employed, 200 g ha^?1 and 5 kg ha^?1. Samples of upper soil and soil solution were collected. Soil solution was sampled by means of metallic samplers, placed at a depth of 35 cm. In the plots receiving the lower dose ceramic suction, porous cups were also installed. Results from soil solution samples showed that the maximum BSM concentration was found after 8-10 days for the high irrigation supply (945 mm) and after 18-25 days for the lower irrigation regime (405 mm). The mathematical model FOCUSPELMO 1.1.1 was applied to interpret the data obtained in the field experiments. In general, there was a reasonable agreement between experimental and simulated data for soil samples, although the model did not acceptably predict herbicide concentrations in water soil samples. Ceramic cups sampled a higher soil water volume and more frequently than did the metallic samplers. However some variable results were attributed to preferential flow.     

浅析建设项目“三同时”验收监测“大负荷”与“小负荷”的把握

对现有的以"大负荷"为衡量指标的"三同时"验收监测生产负荷考核思路进行了介绍。列举监测实例,说明验收监测只单一考核全厂生产"大负荷"不关注各工段"小负荷"对验收结果的影响,并提出了解决措施。     

玻璃减薄蚀刻液中氟硅酸的选择性脱除方法

光电玻璃减薄蚀刻液中氟硅酸(H2SiF6)的累积,是导致蚀刻液无法连续使用而转化为废液的主要原因。尝试对蚀刻废液中氟硅酸进行选择性脱除工艺,探索刻蚀液循环利用的有效处理方法。鉴于氟硅酸的碱金属盐具有溶解度较低的特点,研究考察了利用钠盐或钾盐为沉淀剂,将废液中的H2SiF6以氟硅酸盐的形式沉淀去除,为实现蚀刻液的循环利用提供可能。结果表明,KCl相比NaCl对H2SiF6处理效果更好,但生成的K2SiF6的结晶颗粒过细,难以自然沉降,过滤效果较差;而Na2SiF6结晶沉降特性较好,且使用NaCl为沉淀剂具有价廉易得等特点,可作为氟硅酸的理想沉淀剂。H2SiF6去除率与碱金属盐H2SiF6摩尔计量比正相关,当摩尔计量比NaCl/H2SiF6=2,H2SiF6含量10%的模拟废液,其H2SiF6去除率可达到90%以上。     

马克思自然观的生态意义

摘要：当代社会，生态问题已成为全球性的问题。但早在马克思生存的时代就已经初露端倪，马克思对此进行了详细的阐述并且提出了解决途径。     

基于海水和盐田水的正渗透驱动液

采用海水和盐田水作为驱动液,研究正渗透过程中的通量变化和膜污染特征,探索其作为驱动液的可行性。结果表明,海水和盐田水含有大量的盐离子,具有高的渗透压,海水、2#、5#和9#盐田水与0.42、0.8、2.2和4.2 mol/L的氯化钠具有同样的通量行为。随海水和盐田水浓度增加,通量增加,同时污染也越严重。扫描电子显微镜观察和荧光光谱分析发现,盐田水中的硅酸盐和有机物会沉积在膜表面,引起比较严重的膜污染,尤其是高浓度的盐田水。海水和盐田水作为正渗透过程中的驱动液需要进行一定的预处理。