安全评价报告评审中的若干问题探讨

目前，安全评价工作越来越受到企业和监管部门的重视。在安全评价报告编制完毕后，为了保证安全评价报告的质量，还需要有关部门组织专家对报告进行评审。当前，对安全评价报告的组织评审，没有统一的规范和标准，通过与否使人感到不太明确，而且随意性大。为此，本文着重探讨，安全评价报告评审时合理的组织形式及应该制定的一些标准。从而使安全评价报告的评审工作走向正规化，标准化。     

EFFECTIVENESS OF TIMBER HARVEST PRACTICES FOR CONTROLLING SEDIMENT RELATED WATER QUALITY IMPACTS1

ABSTRACT: Timber harvest best management practices (BMPs) in Washington State were evaluated to determine their effectiveness at achieving water quality standards pertaining to sediment related effects. A weight‐of‐evidence approach was used to determine BMP effectiveness based on assessment of erosion with sediment delivery to streams, physical disturbance of stream channels, and aquatic habitat conditions during the first two years following harvest. Stream buffers were effective at preventing chronic sediment delivery to streams and physical disturbance of stream channels. Practices for ground‐based harvest and cable yarding in the vicinity of small streams without buffers were ineffective or only partially effective at preventing water quality impacts. The primary operational factors influencing BMP effectiveness were: the proximity of ground disturbing activities to streams; presence or absence of designated stream buffers; the use of special timber falling and yarding practices intended to minimize physical disturbance of stream channels; and timing of harvest to occur during snow cover or frozen ground conditions. Important site factors included the density of small streams at harvest sites and the steepness of inner stream valley slopes. Recommendations are given for practices that provide a high confidence of achieving water quality standards by preventing chronic sediment delivery and avoiding direct stream channel disturbance.     

建设项目竣工验收监测中选用环境标准的若干问题

通过分析在进行建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测过程中选用标准的重要性和存在的问题,提出应按照国家的新要求进行标准的选用,并对实际竣工验收监测中遇到的选用标准问题提出了解决的办法。     

清洁生产和14001标准有机结合的实践与探讨

随着世界经济一体化进程的加速和我国加入世界贸易组织，石油企业开始认识到，要在国际石油市场中生存、竞争和发展，环境保护已成为他们必须重视和解决的问题。BECKBURY国际有限公司通过将清洁生产与1SO14001环境管理体系有机结合，取得了明显的经济和社会效益。结合企业的生产与管理实际，介绍了推行清洁生产，贯彻14001标准的主要做法和体会，具有较强的可操作性。     

STATE POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMS - A REVIEW1

ABSTRACT: This review of state pollution control programs suggests that states have brought imaginative thought to environmental programs. While manpower and funds have been concentrated in such traditional areas of concern as air and water quality enforcement, many states have attempted to defray the industrial costs of pollution control by increasing public waste treatment facilities, providing tax incentives for pollution control equipment and authorizing pollution control revenue bond financing.     

ESTIMATION OF WATER TEMPERATURE EXCEEDANCE PROBABILITIES USING THERMO-HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING1

ABSTRACT: A continuous simulation approach is proposed for estimating water temperature exceedance probabilities using thermo-hydrodynamic modeling. The approach uses (1) a deterministic unsteady flow and heat transport model, (2) continuous hydrological and meteorological data for a long historical period, and (3) synthetic records of tributary water temperatures and other model inputs. Representative historical records of streamflow, air temperatures, and other hydrometeorological variables are obtained from nearby gages. Stochastic modeling methods are used to construct synthetic records for other model inputs, including inflow water temperatures. An application of this deterministic-stochastic approach is presented for a complex waterway in northeastern Illinois with heat discharges from several power plants and wastewater treatment plants. Statistical results from the continuous simulations are compared to results obtained from traditional event simulations. The application illustrates the information that engineers and biologists can obtain for (1) evaluating compliance with water temperature standards, and (2) assessing the effect of water temperatures on aquatic habitat.     

A Comparison of Urban-Proximate and Urban-Distant Wilderness Users on Selected Variables

/ The underlying premise of this study is that wilderness areas attract visitors desiring or expecting different wilderness experiences. In this study, wilderness areas were dichotomized according to distance from a large urban center (urban-proximate vs urban-distant). Four wilderness areas in southern California were used as the study sites. Comparisons were made on selected attributes commonly associated with the wilderness experience. Differences were observed on a number of variables such as acceptable number and type of encounters with other visitors, management preferences, and preferred group sizes. The findings of this study are congruent with those from previous studies and suggest that distance to large urban centers may be a functional variable in explaining differences among selected wilderness attributes.KEY WORDS: Expectancy theory; Normative standards; Wilderness; Wilderness experience; Urbanization     

交通行业标准《围油栏》有关问题的说明

交通行业标准《围油栏》(JT／T465-2001）已于2002年5月1日起实施。为了便于有关人员理解标准的主要内容，更好地使用该标准，就标准制定过程中的有关问题和部分条款做了简要说明。     

排污收费标准制定理论及技术方法研究

运用微观经济学理论和宏观污染控制规划方法学论研究排污收费标准制定理论和技术方法，取得如下结论；（１）使社会福利达到最大的排污收费标准等于污染物削减的社会平均边际成本；（２）在某些时期内，污染物的社会平均削减成本根据某些污染物特定的削减方式和削减技术来确定。     

Renewable energy from gasification of manure: an innovative technology in search of fertile policy

After describing an innovative technology, the close-coupled gasification and cyclonic combustor, this article explores the policy issues that inhibit a superior sustainable solution fromflourishing. Discussion of technology includes defining biomass,explaining what biomass to energy means, what the advantages of biomass to energy are, and why gasification is a superior biomassto energy technology. Specifically the environmental benefits ofalternatives to landspreading of traditional manure management arediscussed, as well as the advantages of gasification versus traditional combustion techniques for high nitrogen fuels. The policy environment is explored, particularly regarding sustainability, manure management, and renewable energy. Artificial, non-sustainable barriers to renewable energy, and the impact of wide jurisdictional variability are discussed. North Carolina is identified as a unique jurisdiction to monitor because of its high volume of livestock manure, and laggard position in renewable energy advocacy. The authors contend that these two positions are unsustainable, and that pressures can beexpected to force the state to modify its renewable energy policies or risk losing market share in livestock production tomore pro-sustainable policy oriented states.