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981.
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984.
封闭式城市生活垃圾填埋场向大气释放汞的途径 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用自动测汞仪和动力学通量箱技术,对武汉市某生活垃圾填埋场封闭的扩建部分向大气释放汞的途径进行了研究.结果发现,封闭式垃圾填埋场释放汞的途径主要是通过地表,而排气筒的释放很小.观测期间地表汞的释放强度平均为(192.5±245.3)ng·(m2·h)-1,比世界背景区域高出1~2个数量级.释放过程具有明显的昼夜变化规律,白天高于夜间,并在午间达到峰值.光照强度与汞释放通量间的相关性最高,达到0.77,说明Hg(Ⅱ)的光致还原作用是挥发态Hg0生成的主要途径.垃圾填埋场排气筒释放的气体中Hg0的平均浓度为7.0~68.9 ng.m-3,远低于运行中的垃圾填埋场,并且流速也很小. 相似文献
985.
基因芯片筛选氯化汞对大鼠脑神经毒性差异表达基因 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了筛选汞神经毒性差异表达基因和探讨汞神经毒性分子机制,采用基因芯片技术,研究了大鼠皮下注射0.5mg/kg的HgCl2 1h后脑中基因表达的变化.结果表明,基因表达谱中差异表达基因共有742条,上调基因562条,下调基因180条.生物信息学分析表明,差异表达基因中有免疫应答及解毒作用相关基因、遗传信息传递与表达相关基因、细胞信号传导基因、神经传导基因、细胞增殖与分化基因、细胞调亡等多种基因.分析结果提示这些基因的差异表达可能与汞神经毒性有关.利用基因芯片技术筛选相关基因,为深入阐明汞神经毒性的作用机制提供了新思路. 相似文献
986.
模拟火灾现场喷水灭火的情况条件,将高温下的混凝土喷水冷却,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析混凝土的显微结构。研究发现,当受热温度低于300℃时,喷水冷却混凝土的显微结构与空气中自然冷却试样没有明显的差别。当受热温度达到300℃以后,冷却过程中的水会在混凝土中产生新的水化物,显微结构中发现有新的晶体。受热温度越高,新的水化物晶体就越多,同时混凝土的显微结构破坏越严重。这些特征可以用来鉴定火场中遏水冷却混凝土的受热温度。 相似文献
987.
Cram S Ponce De León CA Fernández P Sommer I Rivas H Morales LM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,121(1-3):127-149
Possible contaminants produced by the Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) marine oil complex in the vicinity of the Cayo Arcas (Mexico) coral reef ecosystem were evaluated by analyzing sediments and sea water for hydrocarbons and metal elements. We found that the concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the sea water were generally low, with the highest values detected near the oil station; the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was generally below the detection limit. The hydrocarbons found in the sediments seem to have a pyrogenic origin, and were probably produced by marine traffic in the study area. The total PAH concentration did not exceed the NOAA criteria, although levels of some individual PAHs did. The only metal detected in the sea water at high concentrations was nickel. The Ni/V ratio in the sediments indicates the contribution of crude oil to the system. The high content of Ni and Zn was attributed to the ballast waters from the oil tankers that load at the station's monobuoys. The presence of fine sediments that commonly originate from terrestrial ecosystems supported this assumption. 相似文献
988.
Raeymaekers B 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,116(1-3):233-243
In order to establish a monitoring method to track long term changes of the amount of anthropogenic contamination in a district
of Bavaria (Germany), a biomonitoring campaign with honey bees was performed in spring 2002. Expected anomalies from the industry
or from residential areas in the sampled district could not be detected. An anomaly over a considerable part of the sampling
area correlating with other phenomena lead to the hypothesis of a prehistoric cosmic impact. Moreover a principal component
analysis of the data showed evidence for a biogenic, an anthropogenic and an unknown component hypothetically related to a
possible cosmic impact. 相似文献
989.
Introduction of the Factor of Partitioning in the Lithogenic Enrichment Factors of Trace Element Bioaccumulation in Plant Tissues 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bioindicators are widely used in the study of trace elements inputs into the environment and great efforts have been conducted to separate atmospheric from soil borne inputs on biomass accumulation. Many monitoring studies of trace element pollution take into account the dust particles located in the plant surface plus the contents of the plant tissues. However, it is usually only the trace element content in the plant tissues that is relevant on plant health. Enrichment factor equations take into account the trace element enrichment of biomasses with respect soil or bedrocks by comparing the ratios of the trace element in question to a lithogenic element, usually Al. However, the enrichment equations currently in use are inadequate because they do not take into account the fact that Al (or whichever reference element) and the element in question may have different solubility-absorption-retention levels depending on the rock and soil types involved. This constrain will become critical when results from different sites are compared and so in this article we propose that the solubility factors of each element are taken into account in order to overcome this constrain. We analysed Sb, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, Mn, V, Zn, Cu, As, Hg, and Al concentration in different zones of Catalonia (NE Spain) using the evergreen oak Quercus ilex and the moss Hypnum cupressiforme as target species. We compared the results obtained in rural and non industrial areas with those from the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. We observed differences in Al concentrations of soils and bedrocks at each different site, together with the differences in solubility between Al and the element in question, and a weak correlation between total soil content and water extract content through different sites for most trace elements. All these findings show the unsuitability of the current enrichment factors for calculating lithospheric and atmospheric contributions to trace element concentrations in biomass tissues. The trace element enrichment factors were calculated by subtracting the part predicted by substrate composition (deduced from water extracts from soils and bedrock) from total concentrations. Results showed that for most of the trace elements analysed, trace elements enrichment factors were higher inside the Barcelona Metropolitan Area than outside, a finding that indicates that greater atmospheric inputs occur in urban areas. The results show that the most useful and correct way of establishing a reference for lithospheric and atmospheric inputs into the plant tissues is, first, to analyse samples of the same plant species collected from a number of sites possessing similar environmental conditions (climate, vegetation type, soil type) and, second, to use this new enrichment factor obtained by subtracting from the total concentration in plant tissue the predicted contribution of soil or bedrock extracts instead of that of total soil or bedrock concentrations. 相似文献
990.
Dragun Z Raspor B Erk M Ivanković D Pavicić J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,114(1-3):49-64
The influence of the biometric parameters (shell mass, whole soft tissue mass, condition index) on MT and metal levels in the heat-treated cytosol of the whole soft tissue of transplanted mussels was studied over the period of one year. The positive correlation of three metals (Cd, Fe, Zn) with the shell mass indicated to time-dependent increase of their contents. Strong correlation of Mn content with the whole soft tissue mass (r = 0.74, p < 0.0001), and almost identical changes of these two parameters over the year make Mn a good indicator of mussel's condition. As opposed to the other metals, Cu content does not exhibit connection with biometry. On the other hand, MTs are highly influenced by biometry. As much as 65% of their variability could be explained by the changes of the shell mass and the whole soft tissue mass. Consequently, it is difficult to distinguish if the obtained positive correlation between Cd and MTs (r = 0.48, p < 0.05) reflects MT induction by Cd, or Cd accumulation as a result of age-dependent increase of MTs. Due to the strong influence of the biometry on MT level, the whole soft tissue is not considered as the best choice for measuring MTs as a biomarker. Better option would be to isolate a specific tissue that shows indisputable connection between MT induction and metal accumulation. 相似文献