气体中毒窒息事故的环境应急监测

以株洲市攸县某矿业公司"5·7"重大中毒窒息事故的环境应急监测为例，详细阐述了该事故开展应急监测的全过程。针对锁定污染因子、查找污染源、判断污染团的扩散趋势以及监控敏感点的安全等监测目的设计监测方案。通过监测数据分析确定事故特征因子为CO，其周边环境空气中浓度随着与抽风口距离的增加而快速下降，监测到附近居民区环境空气质量未受事故影响。     

红壤丘陵区典型流域地表水水环境特征研究——以浏阳河流域为例

选取浏阳河流域为例,根据近十年河流断面监测数据,采用改进的综合污染指数法来评价水质污染程度,研究了该红壤丘陵区典型河流水质的时空变化特征,并结合土地利用和土壤特征等分析地表水质变化原因。结果表明,改进的综合污染指数法有较好的适用性;从时间特征上看,由于面源污染加剧,使得浏阳河近十年的水质污染呈增长趋势;从空间特征上看,浏阳河从上游到下游,河流污染呈增长趋势,上游水质较好,中游表现为重金属铅和汞的污染较大,而下游则是氨氮污染加剧。     

日照市大气质量指数分区预报

利用1999年1月至2002年7月日照市环境监测站监测的污染物浓度资料和探空及本站地面气象资料,分析了日照地区可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))、二氧化硫(SO_2)、氮氧化物(NO_x)浓度变化的时空分布特征及气象要素的变化对污染物浓度时空分布特征的影响。在此基础上,建立了可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))、二氧化硫(SO_2)、氮氧化物(NO_x)浓度指数预报方程及大气质量指数分区预报流程。并用VB6.0语言编程在微机上建立了简洁流畅、操作简便的大气质量指数分区预报系统。实际预报结果较好。     

青铜峡铝厂氟污染对广武乡玉米影响的调查分析

监测了青铜峡铝厂东南方向４．５ｋｍ的广武乡玉米叶，得知含氟量为４３．９４－１６６．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ，对照样品树新林场玉米叶的含氟均值为１３．１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，广武乡的玉米受到了严重的氟污染，农作物减产严重。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定海河下游水中痕量镉

原子吸收光谱法直接测定高盐水中痕量镉时，有很大背景吸收和误差。本文采用络合—萃取技术使共存元素与待测元素分离，既消除了基体干扰，又达到了富集作用，使测定结果准确可靠。     

高灵敏XRF测定废水中痕量砷

本文提出了在硫酸介质中，以锌粒还原产生氢化物，溴化铜溶液吸收，微孔滤膜过滤制成薄样，Ｘ射线荧光测定水中痕量砷的分析方法。     

安徽省淮河流域水污染分析与环境目标可达性探讨

介绍了安徽省淮河流域水污染的历史与现状,分析了淮河流域水污染的特点,对实现《淮河流域水污染防治“十五”计划》的可能性进行了探讨。     

济南市创建国家环保模范城市的调查与思考

从济南市环境保护现状调查入手,对照国家环境保护模范城市考核指标,分析济南市创建国家环境保护模范城市存在的问题,借鉴其他城市创建国家环境保护模范城市的成功经验,结合济南市实际,提出了有针对性的对策与建议。     

淮河流域污染"久治不愈"原因浅析及治理措施建议

根据淮河流域水质和产业结构现状、近几年来主要污染物排放量变化以及流域内污水处理情况,初步分析了淮河流域污染反弹“久治不愈”的几个原因并提出了几点相应的建议。     

Desert Water Harvesting to Benefit Wildlife: A Simple, Cheap, And Durable Sub-Surface Water Harvester for Remote Locations

A sub-surface desert water harvester was constructed in the sagebrush steppe habitat of south-central Idaho, U.S.A. The desert water harvester utilizes a buried micro-catchment and three buried storage tanks to augment water for wildlife during the dry season. In this region, mean annual precipitation (MAP) ranges between about 150–250 mm (6″–10″), 70% of which falls during the cold season, November to May. Mid-summer through early autumn, June through October, is the dry portion of the year. During this period, the sub-surface water harvester provides supplemental water for wildlife for 30–90 days, depending upon the precipitation that year. The desert water harvester is constructed with commonly available, “over the counter” materials. The micro-catchment is made of a square-shaped, 20 mL. “PERMALON” polyethylene pond liner (approximately 22.9 m × 22.9 m = 523 m²) buried at a depth of about 60 cm. A PVC pipe connects the harvester with two storage tanks and a drinking trough. The total capacity of the water harvester is about 4777 L (1262 U.S. gallons) which includes three underground storage tanks, a trough and pipes. The drinking trough is refined with an access ramp for birds and small animals. The technology is simple, cheap, and durable and can be adapted to other uses, e.g. drip irrigation, short-term water for small livestock, poultry farming etc. The desert water harvester can be used to concentrate and collect water from precipitation and run-off in semi-arid and arid regions. Water harvested in such a relatively small area will not impact the ground water table but it should help to grow small areas of crops or vegetables to aid villagers in self-sufficiency.