活性污泥工艺中加代谢解偶联剂降低污泥产率的研究

2,4,5-三氯苯酚（TCP）作为代谢解偶联剂投加到连续曝气分批培养的活性污泥工艺中,在30d的运行期间,TCP质量浓度为2．0mg／L和4．0mg／L的污泥产率分别比对照反应下降了约25％和50％,而基质的去除率及出水的氮和磷浓度均未受很大影响,污泥的沉降性能也未受影响。镜检发现,30d运行后对照实验的反应器中仍有丝状菌,而投加TCP反应器的污泥中几乎未发现丝状菌的存在。应用TCP作为代谢解偶联剂投加到活性污泥工艺中可减少剩余污泥的产量。     

气候变化主要因子对马铃薯生物量积累及产量和品质的影响

利用新型开顶式气室(OTC)开展CO2浓度升高和大气增温试验,分别为模拟增温2.0℃,模拟增温2.0℃且CO2浓度增加到650μmol·mol-1,对照CO2浓度约410μmol·mol-1,对马铃薯叶片、叶柄和茎等地上生物量、根和块茎等地下生物量积累过程及其特征参数的协同影响研究,分析气候变化对马铃薯产量形成和品质的...     

A Screening Test for the Determination of Ethylene Sensitivity

Ethephon, which releases ethylene within plant tissues after application, was chosen to perform assessments of the relative sensitivity of crops to ethylene and to determine which stages of plant development were most sensitive. The species chosen were: barley, wheat, oats, canola and field pea, all of which are important crops in the province of Alberta, Canada. Plants were treated with ethephon at one of 7 different stages. Plants were assessed for their vegetative and reproductive growth, including height, biomass, yield and seed quality. Visual symptoms were photographed and documented to compare them with symptoms caused by ethylene applied as a gas. It was concluded that in barley, wheat and canola the late vegetative and early reproductive stages were most sensitive, at least when sensitivity was defined as reductions in yield and quality. As for field pea, ethephon had no effect on yield but did cause increased numbers of pods, which in certain conditions could lead to increased yields. Significant effects on vegetative growth were only observed in the early vegetative stages of development but with no effects on yield. The screening protocol successfully identified sensitive cultivars and growth stages for further investigation of the effects of ethylene exposure.     

HYDROLOGIC RESPONSES OF AN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHED TO VARIOUS HYDROLOGIC AND MANAGEMENT CONDITIONS1

ABSTRACT: The hydrologic responses from an agricultural watershed in southeast Nebraska were investigated under an array of physiographic, hydrologic, meteorologic, and management conditions. For analytical purposes, the hydrologic responses were narrowed to include only runoff and sediment yield. The study was performed by utilizing the ANSWERS (Areal Nonpoint Source Watershed Environment Response Simulation) hydrologic-simulation model. Results of this study indicate that, generally, nonstructural (agronomic) Best Management Practices (BMPs) have a more significant impact in controlling erosion and nonpoint-source pollution than structurally oriented BMPs. The percentage of reduction in average soil loss as a result of changing tilage systems from conventional to chisel plow was in the mid-40s. The corresponding percentages of reduction in sediment yield from the watershed under minimum tillage and no-till systems were in the mid-60s and mid-80s, respectively. The impact of these management strategies on runoff varied considerably. That is primarily based on the watershed's antecedent soil moisture condition, land use, and the growth stage of crops. Generally, an intense, short, thunderstorm type of rainfall event had more relative impact on runoff, and therefore sediment yield than a long, gentle, and steady event.     

A novel approach to treat combined domestic wastewater and excess sludge in MBR

Domestic wastewater was treated by combined anaerobic biofilm-aerobic membrane bioreactor(MBR) process, and part biomass in MBR was withdrawn, to treat with ozone, then the ozonated sludge was returned to anaerobic inlet. In aerobic MBR, MLSS and DO were controlled at 3000—3500 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L respectively. Comparing the experimental results of two stages, it was noticed that ozonation did not affect the removal efficiency for organics but had a significant influence on the removals of NHs-N and TN. During the ozonation period of two months, no excess sludge was wasted, and a zero sludge yield was obtained.     

厌氧—好氧处理高得率浆APMP废水的研究

设计了生物处理高得率浆碱性过氧化氢机械浆 (APMP)废水厌氧 (UASB)—好氧 (SBR)组合技术 ,结果表明该技术可使 APMP废水 COD去除率达 90 .3 %。并用计算机处理实验结果 ,建立了厌氧—好氧关联方程及 SBR降解 APMP废水的动力学关系式。     

Optimizing carbon sequestration in commercial forests by integrating carbon management objectives in wood supply modeling

This paper provides a methodology for generating forest management plans, which explicitly maximize carbon (C) sequestration at the forest-landscape level. This paper takes advantage of concepts first presented in a paper by Meng et al. (2003; Mitigation Adaptation Strategies Global Change 8:371–403) by integrating C-sequestration objective functions in existing wood supply models. Carbon-stock calculations performed in Woodstock^TM (RemSoft Inc.) are based on C yields generated from volume table data obtained from local Forest Development Survey plots and a series of wood volume-to-C content conversion factors specified in von Mirbach (2000). The approach is used to investigate the impact of three demonstration forest-management scenarios on the C budget in a 110,000 ha forest in south-central New Brunswick, Canada. Explicit demonstration scenarios addressed include (1) maximizing timber extraction either by clearcut or selection harvesting for greatest revenue generation, (2) maximizing total C storage in the forest landscape and in wood products generated from harvesting, and (3) maximizing C storage together with revenue generation. The level of clearcut harvesting was greatest for scenario 1 (≥15 × 10⁴ m³ of wood and ≥943 ha of land per harvesting period), and least for scenario 2 (=0 m³ per harvesting period) where selection harvesting dominated. Because softwood saw logs were worth more than pulpwood ($60 m⁻³ vs. $40 m⁻³) and were strategic to the long-term storage of C, the production of softwood saw logs exceeded the production of pulpwood in all scenarios. Selection harvesting was generally the preferred harvesting method across scenarios. Only in scenario 1 did levels of clearcut harvesting occasionally exceed those of selection harvesting, mainly in the removal of old, dilapidated stands early in the simulation (i.e., during periods 1 through 3). Scenario 2 provided the greatest total C-storage increase over 80 years (i.e., 14 × 10⁶ Mg C, or roughly 264 Mg ha⁻¹) at a cost of $111 per Mg C due to lost revenues. Scenarios 3 and 1 produced reduced storage rates of roughly 9 × 10⁶ Mg C and 3 × 10⁶ Mg C, respectively; about 64% and 22% of the total, 80-year C storage calculated in scenario 2. The bulk of the C in scenario 2 was stored in the forest, amounting to about 76% of the total C sequestered.     

高强钢海洋环境应力腐蚀破裂敏感性的控制因素

首先在不同含碳量的CrMo系列钢上,就模拟海水中应力腐蚀抗力和破裂方式、屈服强度、晶界特性和晶内显微组织随含碳量和回火温度的变化关系进行综合测试分析,得出了碳化物分布尤其是原奥氏体晶界的碳化物微层对高强钢应力腐蚀破裂行为有控制作用的新观点。该观点在实用于装备的高强钢30Cr3SiNiMoV、37SiMnCrMoV和30CrMnSiA以及弹簧钢65Mn在各种环境的应力腐蚀和氢脆行为上得到了验证。     

气候对河南省小麦产量的影响及其变化研究

河南省位于亚热带与温带的气候过渡带 ,小麦产量对气候变化非常敏感 ,气候对小麦产量影响的南北过渡性很明显。文中用正交多项式的方法分离小麦产量 ;用积分回归的方法分析气候对小麦产量的影响。在此基础上 ,首先根据降水量、温度和日照时数对小麦产量影响的区域分布 ,分别把河南省分为4个降水量影响区、4个温度影响区、5个日照影响区 ;然后 ,采用滑动积分回归的方法 ,分别分析了亚热带和温带3个影响因子对小麦产量影响的变化 ;最后 ,讨论了未来气候变化的可能影响。