三江平原水田氮的侧渗输出研究

为探讨三江平原水田面源污染物氮的输出机制,通过不同尺度田间原位实验,研究了氮在水田-田埂-渠系系统侧渗输出过程中氮含量、田埂截留率及侧渗速率的变化规律.并对水田氮流失负荷进行了量化.结果表明,近沟渠田埂宽度对侧渗速率和截留氮素的能力影响明显.随田埂宽度的增加,侧渗速率降低,而田埂对氮素的截留能力增强,其中,田埂对氨氮(...     

含油污泥无害化处置优化研究及生命周期评价

提出含油污泥的优化处置方案,并通过生命周期评价方法(LCA)对优化方案进行环境影响评价。结果表明,与原处置工艺相比优化后环境负荷降低了99.62%。     

内循环(IC)反应器运行规律研究

研究采用自制内循环(IC)反应器,以实验室模拟废水为进水,接种城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥,对反应器的启动及运行过程进行研究,在经过污泥驯化、颗粒培养、调整及稳定的不同阶段连续运行.结果表明:启动初期反应器pH过低,产甲烷菌生长受抑制,导致VFA累积,容易酸化.通过改变模拟废水中微量元素的浓度及添加缓冲溶液,酸化的反应器可...     

有关斜管沉淀池的上升流速讨论

文章从理论上了分析斜管沉淀池上升流速对沉淀池处理效果的影响,及原水特性与斜管沉淀池上升流速取值的关系。讨论分析斜管沉淀池设计时,应根据原水特性不同选择不同的斜管沉淀池上升流速。     

扬州市城区水系补水优化调控技术研究——以二道河为例

以保障城市水体景现,控制城市水体黑臭、控制藻类繁殖为目标,以水体溶解氧为控制性指标,根据各条河道承受的溢流污水、雨水等外源污染和底泥污染释放内源污染,确定各条河道所需的补水量.对扬州市典型的内河(二道河)进行污染调查分析,利用多宾斯-坎普(Dobbins-Camp)BOD-DO水质模型,以COD代替BOD,计算保障河道水质达到V类水质(ρ(DO)≤2 mg/L,ρ(CODMn)≤15 mg/L)需要的补水量.结果表明,多宾斯-坎普水质模型可为扬州城区内河整治工程提供科学决策工具.     

水力负荷对辐流式初沉池污染物去除效果的影响

以沉砂池出水为原水,在沉淀试验研究颗粒截留速度u0基础上,通过动态试验考察水力负荷对辐流式初沉池污染物去除效果的影响。研究结果表明无机悬浮固体(FSS)分离和总悬浮固体(TSS)高效去除的颗粒截留速度u0分别为0.025 m/min和0.05 m/min。由于泥层截留作用,水力负荷qA在46.3 m3/(m2.d)时,辐流式初沉池污染去除最高效,TSS、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)去除率分别达到81%,23%,59%。     

流域污染负荷解析与环境容量研究——以安徽太平湖流域为例

以安徽省太平湖流域为例,运用监测、统计数据以及排污系数法对流域内8种污染源的污染排放情况进行全面解析,结合一维水质模型、沃伦威得尔模型以及狄龙模型等水质模型的应用,在流域水质监测的基础上核算了太平湖及主要入湖河流的水环境容量.结果表明,2011年,太平湖流域污染物入湖量为:COD 3863.75t/a,NH3-N 410.24t/a,TP 51.63t/a;城镇和农村生活污染为太平湖流域的主要污染源,约占流域入湖污染物总量的60%;麻川河和浦溪河流域的污染最严重;流域污染物的排放在空间上呈现较为明显的区域分布,经济发达区域污染相对较严重.在当前水质目标下,太平湖仍有相当大的可用容量;浦溪河、秧溪河和舒溪河流域的氨氮和总磷排放量接近环境容量,需进行总量控制及削减.     

上海市郊区河道底泥重金属污染状况评价

河道底泥重金属污染日益受到重视。对上海市郊区河道毛家塘底泥进行监测,分析了13种重金属元素(As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn,Hg,Be,Ag,Sb,Se,Ti)的含量特征,采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法、污染负荷指数法对重金属污染状况进行了评价。结果表明:河道底泥13种重金属中,Ag,Sb,Se,Ti 4种低于检测限,As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn,Hg,Be含量均超过了上海市土壤背景值;底泥重金属为中污染,As,Cd,Cu,Zn污染影响较大。除As以外,其余重金属含量均满足我国现行标准或指标要求,建议底泥后续处理利用参考达标标准的相应要求进行。     

Evaluation of accuracy of linear regression models in predicting urban stormwater discharge characteristics

Stormwater runoff has been identified as a source of pollution for the environment, especially for receiving waters. In order to quantify and manage the impacts of stormwater runoff on the environment, predictive models and mathematical models have been developed. Predictive tools such as regression models have been widely used to predict stormwater discharge characteristics. Storm event characteristics, such as antecedent dry days （ADD）, have been related to response variables, such as pollutant loads and concentrations. However it has been a controversial issue among many studies to consider ADD as an important variable in predicting stormwater discharge characteristics. In this study, we examined the accuracy of general linear regression models in predicting discharge characteristics of roadway runoff. A total of 17 storm events were monitored in two highway segments, located in Gwangju, Korea. Data from the monitoring were used to calibrate United States Environmental Protection Agency＇s Storm Water Management Model （SWMM）. The calibrated SWMM was simulated for 55 storm events, and the results of total suspended solid （TSS） discharge loads and event mean concentrations （EMC） were extracted. From these data, linear regression models were developed. R2 and p-values of the regression of ADD for both TSS loads and EMCs were investigated. Results showed that pollutant loads were better predicted than pollutant EMC in the multiple regression models. Regression may not provide the true effect of site-specific characteristics, due to uncertainty in the data.     

UASB处理酒精废水耐冲击特性与颗粒污泥分析

针对UASB耐冲击能力低的问题,采用短暂冲击负荷的方法进行52 d中试研究,并考察接种絮状污泥的UASB对以污冷凝水为主要成分的酒精废水的处理效果,结果表明,UASB呈现较强耐冲击负荷能力;第49天产气速率最高,可达3.03 L/(L·d),反应器内形成了粒径0.5~1.5 mm的颗粒,电镜扫描的颗粒污泥结构致密,由多个杆状细菌形成网状结构。在夏季无保温措施、负荷冲击条件下培养颗粒污泥是可行的。