基于价值链增值的农地整治项目前期阶段效率测度研究

在研究国内外农地整治项目效率相关问题的基础上,对农地整治项目前期阶段工作效率的内涵进行了界定,剖析了其价值链,并围绕着价值链增值这一核心建立了包含项目选址、可行性论证、勘测、权属调整及规划设计5 个准则层在内的农地整治项目前期阶段工作效率指标体系。依据标杆管理原理和项目特征设置了32 个效率指标的基准标杆、实际最优标杆及理论拓展标杆,构建了基于距离函数法的农地整治项目前期阶段工作效率测度模型。以鄂州市华容区蒲团高产农田建设示范项目为例,对其前期阶段的工作效率进行了测度,针对测度结果分析了项目前期阶段工作中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了建议,也为其它农地整治项目前期阶段工作效率测度提供了参考依据。     

Implementing comprehensive plans: indicators for a task-sheet based performance evaluation process

Evaluation in spatial planning aims to raise effectiveness of plans as well as efficiency in planning processes. Given that research regarding evaluation of performance and especially plan implementation is sparse, this study presents a minimal set of indicators for a task-sheet based performance evaluation approach for Swiss cantonal comprehensive plans. Thematic task-sheets are a promising characteristic of cantonal comprehensive plans. They translate the comprehensive planning strategy into concrete evaluable tasks. The presented indicators allow assessing procedural efficiency of coordination and implementation of planning tasks (performance). We argue that if task-sheets comply with certain plan quality characteristics, a task-sheet based performance evaluation approach can support the effectiveness of plans and promote the objectives of the planning strategy. We point out plan content and characteristics necessary for effective execution of our approach. As a result, our findings can serve as a framework for designing evaluation processes for comprehensive planning documents beyond Switzerland.     

碳交易背景下天津市电力行业碳排放强度与基准线

电力行业是我国碳排放权交易体系中的重要参与行业,开展区域电力行业碳排放强度分析与基准线设置研究,不仅有利于区域因地制宜地开展行业碳减排工作,同时对全国统一碳市场的建立尤其是电力行业配额分配方案的确定具有重要参考价值.基于天津市2014年15家主要发电企业的32台发电机组数据,在核算分析天津市电力行业碳排放强度的基础上,设置实际排放情景、现行标准先进值情景及综合减排情景等3组基准线情景,并展开对天津市电力行业碳减排的适用性分析.研究表明:①在数据和统计基础较好、产品单一的行业采用基准法进行配额分配,有利于碳市场资源的公平、合理配置,可有效促进区域电力行业低碳发展;②2014年天津市电力行业碳排放强度为822.9 g/（kW·h）,燃煤发电与燃气发电碳排放强度分别为824.4与502.0 g/（kW·h）;③发电碳排放强度可反应出单台机组的能耗和管理水平,燃煤发电方式下,采用压力参数高、机组容量大的机组发电更有利于降低区域碳强度;④综合减排情景既考虑了本地区电力行业碳排放水平,同时参考了其他省市基准线设定,对部分类型机组数量较少、代表性不足的地区适用性更强,该情景对地区电力行业低碳水平要求最为严格,虽然为企业减排带来一定压力,但更有利于区域行业减排,且对于排放强度较高的较小容量机组能够起到更强的激励作用.      

基于CBW方法的美丽中国建设学习路径选择研究

坚持因地制宜、分区分类探索并打造各美其美的美丽中国建设样本是美丽中国建设实践的内涵。目前各地在美丽中国先行区等试点建设活动中已进行了大量评价,在筛选典范、分区分类等方面做了充分探索。虽然评价体系日趋成熟,但仍存在榜样的学习路径不够明确,表彰充分但分类指导力度不足等问题。为了解决此类问题,本文充分融合大数据技术与生态文明建设实践,提出基于大数据的CBW(Category-Better-Way)方法体系,依据标杆管理“分类、标杆、学习路径”三要素建立了具有通用性的美丽中国建设辅助绩效评价体系和学习路径选择机制,不仅可以帮助辅助评比的机构确定生态案例分类类别、树立分类标杆、提取标杆的学习路径,还可帮助各地区定位美丽中国建设新案例的学习标杆并找到学习路径。该方法具有通用性,适用于各地实践美丽中国建设。     

Fuzzy Logic Model for the performance benchmarking of sugar plants by considering best available techniques

This paper deals with the problem of performance benchmarking of traditional beet sugar plants, by considering Best Available Techniques (BAT) for beet sugar production, as determined by the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive. A Fuzzy Logic Model, based on fuzzy set theory, was constructed for this purpose, in order to compare the performances of sugar plants within the sector's best standards, as expressed in the Reference Document on BAT.The effectiveness of the model was tested in the case study, in which three sugar plants were benchmarked against the BAT regarding the consumption of energy, water, raw materials and the production of wastes, wastewater, by-products and the main product. The model was recognized as helpful for the benchmarking needs of sugar plants. In addition, by integrating BAT Reference Document analysis into the model, it provides IPPC permitting authorities with an objective method and uniform BAT benchmarks to manage permitting process.     

Options for Emission Allowance Allocation Under the Eu Emissions Trading Directive

The article investigates four alternative allocation schemes for emission allowances. The investigated schemes are emission-based allocation, production-based allocation with actor-specific emission factors, production-based allocation with benchmarking and production-based allocation based on data on best available technology (BAT). All the examined schemes apply free allocation based on historical activities. The allocation schemes are evaluated against the criteria for a National Allocation Plan, listed in the Annex III of the EU ETS Directive, and regarding their conformity with the criteria put forward by the Swedish Parliamentary Delegation on Flexible Mechanisms, The FlexMex 2 Commission. No allocation scheme unambiguously meets all criteria. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. Emission-based allocation schemes are most straightforward, transparent and are the easiest to implement. Production-based allocation schemes meet more of the criteria, but are more costly to implement and require more data. Data on BAT will not be available to the extent necessary in order to base an allocation scheme implemented for the trading starting 2005 on BAT. It is unlikely that any given allocation scheme will be perceived as fair by all concerned parties, no matter how sophisticated it is. The overall characteristics of the studied allocation schemes are summarised in the paper. Due to the lack of abatement cost curves, it is not possible to accurately model capital flows between the trading sectors. Data availability will most probably limit the options available to the authorities designing the allocation schemes. An erratum to this article is available at .     

军工材料环境适应性标杆数据应用探讨

目的提升军工材料环境适应性预评估准确性和环境适应性基础数据资源的应用水平。方法按照四同原则"同类型材料、同种试验环境、同种试验方式、相同性能"梳理研究重庆市环境腐蚀与防护工程技术研究中心30余年积累的橡胶、塑料、合金钢等军工材料的环境适应性数据。结果提出了军工材料环境适应性标杆数据的概念,简述了环境适应性标杆数据的主要作用,初步构建了环境适应性标杆数据体系框架,提出了环境适应性标杆数据的2种应用方法,并剖析了2种方法的优缺点,最后列举了环境适应性标杆数据的应用步骤,并以军工高分子材料环境适应性评估为例进行了说明。结论军工材料环境适应性标杆数据体系评估同类型军工材料环境适应性水平具有较高的准确度。     

河北省城市水资源利用绩效评估与需水量估算研究

从公共服务部门标杆管理思想出发,构建了2007—2014年中国地级以上城市水资源利用效率标杆体系,并以此为评估依据,对河北省地级以上城市2007—2014年水资源利用效率展开评估,识别各个城市万元GDP水耗、万元工业总产值水耗、人均综合水耗和人均生活水耗在全国所有地级以上城市和不同类型范围城市中的具体位置和变化趋势;并在此基础上对城市水资源利用效率标杆体系进行历史趋势外推,将标杆预测结果作为河北省各城市节水效率管理目标,结合河北省人口数量增长和社会经济发展规划目标,估算了"十三五"期末2020年河北省地级以上城市需水量,以期为指导河北省地级以上城市"以水定城"发展战略的制定提供参考依据.结果显示:河北省唐山市、沧州市、廊坊市万元GDP水耗一直处于全国先进水平;仅沧州市万元工业总产值水耗一直处于全国先进水平;保定市、沧州市和衡水市的人均综合水耗一直处于全国先进水平;保定市、沧州市、张家口市、石家庄市、秦皇岛市、邢台市的人均生活水耗一直处于全国先进水平;预计到"十三五"期末,河北省地级以上城市市辖区工业需水总量减少为8.81亿m~3,居民生活需水量增加为4.26亿m~3,城市总用水量增加为16.94亿m~3.     

Hybrid process-criterion benchmarking methodology framework to support sustainability performance assessment and reporting

The conception, design, and implementation of sustainable development strategies in an organization aims at meeting and balancing economic, social, and environmental needs of internal and external stakeholders. While the principles and fundamentals of sustainability assist during the conception and design phases, the implementation process of management strategies – impacted directly or indirectly by internal and external factors – may identify areas of competitive advantages or challenges that would impede the projects and organizations’ performance targets. An organization is not an isolated entity and its performance is often compared against others in the market arena; therefore, assessment tools, benchmarking processes, and reporting strategies become essential for the understanding of the efforts made towards the implementation of plan, policies, and programs at the organization and project levels. A framework for a hybrid process-criterion benchmarking methodology is proposed in this paper. The framework integrates the Rank Xerox benchmarking process and the Wa-Pa-Su project sustainability rating system assessment methodology. The proposed hybrid process-criterion benchmarking methodology encourages the diversification in the development and implementation of sustainable and environmental rating systems in industry contexts (e.g., oil and gas, mining, heavy industrial, and energy) and aims for the improvement of existing sustainability performance assessment and reporting practices. It also assists the quantitative assessment process of advances and/or setbacks in sustainability performance and the implementation of continuous performance improvement programs.     

国内外核电厂放射性流出物排放对标分析研究

核电厂流出物的受控排放是确保环境安全的重要手段.为了全面掌握中国核电厂在运压水堆、重水堆核电机组的实际排放水平,以加拿大、法国等国外核电厂流出物排放情况为参照,对标分析中国核电厂的环境排放现状,为核电厂流出物排放安全监管提供技术支持.对标分析结果表明,中国重水堆核电机组放射性流出物的平均归一化排放量低于加拿大重水堆的排放水平.中国压水堆液态流出物中氚的归一化排放量略超过法国外,其余排放水平较为接近.