变电站建设中的电磁防护及环境和谐发展问题

随着我国经济水平的发展所带来的用电负荷的激增，变电站落户市区已是经济发展的必然结果。随即对变电站建设中的电磁防护提出了更高的要求；并全面考虑周边人类的生存环境。本文总结了变电站在规划建设中的电磁防护及如何与环境和谐发展的问题，并针对具体问题一一列举了所需采取的措施，包括抵御变电站电磁和噪声环境的防护措施，变电站二次系统抵御电磁骚扰源的措施以及变电站规划与景观的协调、最终将实现变电站建设与环境的和谐发展。     

OHS风险控制方法在烟气排放控制工程中的应用

介绍了烟气排放控制工程中OHS风险控制的方法，并以香港青山“B”电厂4X680MW机组排放控制工程（CPBEC）为例，阐述了目前国内外环保项目在OHS风险管理方面的差距和改进措施。     

环境工艺方法论研究——资源扩容法

资源扩容法是探索新型环境工程工艺的重要方法，其核心思想是认为世界上不存在绝对的废弃物，只有放错位置的资源。本文通过对资源扩容法理论及其应用实例的详细论述，揭示了资源扩容法所蕴涵的哲学理论。     

自然资源利用权的双重物权属性及环境保护价值

自然资源利用权从产生的途径上看应属于特许物权，从内容和功能上看应属于准用益物权，两种物权属性并不相互排斥。自然资源利用权的双重物权属性符合环境保护的价值取向和价值选择。     

How Green is Too Green? Public Opinion of What Constitutes Undesirable Algae Levels in Streams1

Abstract: A public opinion survey was carried out in Montana to ascertain if the public identifies a level of benthic (bottom‐attached) river and stream algae that is undesirable for recreation. The survey had two parts; an On‐River survey and a By‐Mail survey. The On‐River survey was conducted via 44 trips randomly scheduled throughout the state during which recreators were interviewed in‐person at the stream. Selection of stream segments and survey dates/times was based on known, statewide recreational use patterns. By‐Mail survey forms were sent to 2,000 individuals randomly selected from Montana’s Centralized Voter File (CVF) available from the Montana Secretary of State. The CVF was current through 2004 and represented over 85% of the state’s eligible voting population. In both surveys, eight randomly ordered photographs depicting varying levels of stream benthic algae were presented, and participants were asked if the algae level shown was desirable or undesirable for recreation. Survey form design, selection of photographs, and pretesting followed acceptable protocols that limited unintentional bias through survey execution. There were 433 returned forms (389 complete) for the By‐Mail survey, while the On‐River survey documented 563 interviews. In both surveys, as benthic algal chlorophyll a (Chl a) levels increased, desirability for recreation decreased. (Other measures of benthic algae biomass are presented as well.) For the public majority, mean benthic Chl a levels ≥200 mg/m² were determined to be undesirable for recreation, whereas mean levels ≤150 mg Chl a/m² were found to be desirable. Error rates were within the survey’s statistical design criteria (≤5%). The largest potential error source was nonresponse in the By‐Mail survey; however, the population represented by nonrespondents would have to exhibit profoundly different perceptions of river and stream algae to meaningfully alter the results. Results support earlier work in the literature suggesting 150 mg Chl a/m² represents a benthic algae nuisance threshold.     

环保新思维：绿色保险

我国现在正处于环境事故高发期，而环境污染损害赔偿是企业，甚至是国家必须面对的现实问题。然而单凭企业承担责任是力所不能及的，最终不得不由国家买单，给国家带来沉重的负担。这种情况迫切需要建立环境污染损害责任保险机制，即绿色保险，把赔偿引向社会化。保险本身就是一种救灾形式，因为它能分散风险，减少损失。针对我国的具体情况，建立适宜的环境污染责任保险模式才能平衡发展与环境保护的关系、在全社会牢固树立生态文明理念。     

长江三角洲城市间环境公平性研究

定义了环境公平性包括基于自然资源禀赋的环境公平性及基于经济产出的环境公平性。为表征基于自然资源禀赋的环境公平性，构造并计算了长江三角洲（简称长三角）各地环境压力指数。为表征经济产出的环境公平性，构造了环境基尼系数与绿色贡献系数。根据2004年环境经济发展水平及污染排放数据（COD与SO2排放量），计算了长三角各地级市的环境压力与基于GDP的COD与SO2环境基尼系数与各地的绿色贡献系数。借助分层聚类分析，得出以下结论：（1）从基于自然资源禀赋的环境公平性上讲，上海面临的环境压力最高，江苏省城市较浙江省高；（2）从基于经济产出的环境公平性上讲，长三角地区基于GDP的COD、SO2环境基尼系数分别为017与013，相较全国，长三角实现了更高发展水平上的均衡；（3）在长三角内部比较，镇江、泰州等部分城市COD、SO2排放的生态效率仍需进一步提高。最后指出：在区域层面上合理分布区域环境压力，在比较中提高各地生态效率是推动长三角环境保护发展、促进长三角环境保护一体化的重要举措。     

Challenging the current strategy of radiological protection of the environment: arguments for an ecosystem approach

The system of radiological protection of the environment that is currently under development is one contribution to the general need to adequately protect the environment against stress. Dominated by operational goals, it emphasizes conceptual and methodological approaches that are readily accessible today: reference organisms supported by individual-based traditional ecotoxicological data. Whilst there are immediate advantages to this approach (pragmatism, consistency with other approaches in use for man and biota), there are also clear limitations, especially in a longer run perspective, that need to be acknowledged and further considered. One can mention a few: uncertainties generated by the need for various extrapolations (from lower to higher levels of biological organisation, …), various features missed such as potential ecological impact through impairment of ecosystem processes, trans-generational impacts as mediated through genomic instability, indirect effects mediated through trophic interactions or disruption of ecological balances,… Such limitations have already been faced in other fields of environmental protection against other stressors, pushing a number of environment professionals to assign stronger emphasis on more systemic approaches. This review discusses the advantages and limitations of the current approach designed for the radiological protection of non-human biota in the broader context of environment protection as a whole, with especial reference to upcoming trends and evolutions. This leads in particular to advocating the need to boost scientific and methodological approaches featuring the ecosystem concept as a mean to access a unified goal of protection: preserving life sustainability through protection of ecosystem structure and functioning.     

污染源普查成果在环境管理中的应用

历经3年的第一次全国污染源普查现已基本结束。此次污染源普查中获得了大量珍贵的污染源基础性数据,合理开发这些数据,对提高环境监察、项目审批、污染源治理及减排等工作,对加强环境管理有着不可估量的作用。结合唐山市的环境管理工作,阐述了利用普查成果,可对唐山市环境保护工作的开展起到积极的促进作用。