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21.
氢化物发生一原子荧光光谱法测定气田废水中的痕量砷 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测气田废水中的痕量砷。方法有取样量少,操作简单、灵敏度高、准确度高、重现性好等优点。砷的测定线性范围为1~200ng/mL,方法的检出限为0.0453ng/mL,相对标准偏差小于等于1.6%,加标回收率在96.0%~97.7%范围内。测定密码标样与气田废水中的痕量砷,获得了满意的结果。 相似文献
22.
In this paper we describe the use of five-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization for prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy using uncultured amniotic fluid cells. The analysis is based on ratio mixing of dual-labelled probes and digital imaging for the detection and visualization of five different probes specific for the five target chromosomes, 13, 18, 21, X, and Y. A retrospective blind analysis of 30 coded uncultured amniotic fluid samples correctly detected fetal sex and five trisomy 21 cases. Multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization used in this way allows rapid and simultaneous detection of the most frequent aneuploidies. 相似文献
23.
悬浮液进样原子荧光光谱法测定海洋沉积物样品中的痕量汞 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
研究了一种使用悬浮液进样原子荧光光谱法测定海洋沉积初中痕量汞的快速简便的方法。控制悬浮液的颗粒粒径在200目(d≤0.076mm),用磁力搅拌器搅拌以保证悬浮液分散均匀稳定,以水溶液标准作标准曲线,该法方法的检出限为0.001μg/L,加标回收率为90.5%-103.4%,RSD为4.39%。将此法用于标准物质GBw07314、GBw08301、GSBZ50013—88、GSB50014—88和实验室外控样的分析,得到了满意的结果,证明该方法准确可靠。 相似文献
24.
Fan Jinhong Xu Wenying Gao Tingyao Ma Luming 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(4):504-508
Iron and copper bimetallic system (catalyzed Fe-Cu process) is a promising technology for alkaline nitrobenzene-containing
wastewater treatment. However, little is currently known about the changes of treatment efficiency with time going. This research
investigated the long-term performance of the catalyzed Fe-Cu process to reduce nitrobenzene (NB) in alkaline wastewater.
In addition, the changes of the metal surfaces morphologies and matters before and after the reaction were analyzed by scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD).
The results showed that the surface properties of copper almost remained unchanged after weeks of operation, which spelled
its strong chemical stability and resistance to poisoning. Moreover, the results indicated that there were two reasons for
the treatment efficiency decreasing with time. One was the gradual iron element consumption due to corrosion. The other was
iron reactivity weakened due to the precipitates accumulation on the surfaces that were mainly Fe3O4 and FeCO.
__________
Translated from Environmental Pollution & Control, 2006, 28(10): 783–785 [译自: 环境污染与防治] 相似文献
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Open-cast lignite mining in the Lusatian mining district resulted in rehabilitated mine soils containing up to four organic matter types: (1) recent plant litter, (2) lignite deposited by mining activity, (3) carbonaceous ash particles deposited during amelioration of the lignite-containing parent substrate and (4) airborne carbonaceous particles deposited during contamination. The influence of lignite-derived carbon types on the organic matter development and their role in the soil carbon cycle was unknown. This paper presents the findings obtained during a six year project concerning the impact of lignite on soil organic matter composition and the biogeochemical functioning of the ecosystem. The organic matter development after rehabilitation was followed in a chronosequence of rehabilitated mine soils afforested in 1966, 1981 and 1987. A differentiation of the organic matter types and an evaluation of their role within the ecosystem was achieved by the use of 14C activity measurements, 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy and wet chemical analysis of plant litter compounds. The results showed that the amount and degree of decomposition of the recent organic matter derived from plant material of the 30 year old mine soil was similar to natural uncontaminated forest soil which suggests complete rehabilitation of the ecosystem. The decomposition and humification processes were not influenced by the presence of lignite. On the other hand it was shown that lignite, which was thought to be recalcitrant because of its chemical structure, was part of the carbon cycle in these soils. This demonstrates the need to elucidate further the stabilisation mechanisms of organic matter in soils. 相似文献
27.
Jan Kupec Kateřina Charvátová Milan Navrátil Vojtěch Křesálek Martina Křesálková 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2003,11(3):93-100
Most native polymers used in processing and application technologies are admittedly disposable from the environment in a biologic manner, but products possess low mechanical strength. One of the paths to increasing this attribute (if feasible) is their cross-linking, which may, however, affect their readiness to biodegradation. In the presented work this condition was observed on the example of waste protein (Hykol B) cross-linking by means of glutardialdehyde and glyoxal. Degree and course of cross-linking were determined through impedance spectroscopy. The objective of this work also was to obtain data for constructing a sensor capable of following the cross-linking course in real time, for potential industrial application of Hykol in continuous production. Impedance spectroscopy proved to be applicable even to this kind of material marked by considerable water content and exhibiting relatively high electric conductivity; so far it had been used only for materials of low conductivity. An aqueous environment inoculated with digested anaerobic sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was selected for modeling anaerobic conditions. The relation was studied between cross-linking degree given by content of cross-linking agent (determined by impedance spectroscopy) and biodegradation degree under anaerobic conditions. It was confirmed that network density as given by quantity of added agent not only reduced breakdown degree but also slowed the course of the process. This fact is particularly obvious with cross-linking by means of glyoxal; network density is thus dependent on type of employed substance, which affect type and structure of created network. That not merely forms an obstacle during polymer swelling and dissolution but also prevents access of bacteria to source of metabolized organic carbon. 相似文献
28.
Christian Brandstätter David Laner Roman Prantl Johann Fellner 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(12):2537-2547
Municipal solid waste landfills pose a threat on environment and human health, especially old landfills which lack facilities for collection and treatment of landfill gas and leachate. Consequently, missing information about emission flows prevent site-specific environmental risk assessments. To overcome this gap, the combination of waste sampling and analysis with statistical modeling is one option for estimating present and future emission potentials. Optimizing the tradeoff between investigation costs and reliable results requires knowledge about both: the number of samples to be taken and variables to be analyzed.This article aims to identify the optimized number of waste samples and variables in order to predict a larger set of variables. Therefore, we introduce a multivariate linear regression model and tested the applicability by usage of two case studies. Landfill A was used to set up and calibrate the model based on 50 waste samples and twelve variables. The calibrated model was applied to Landfill B including 36 waste samples and twelve variables with four predictor variables.The case study results are twofold: first, the reliable and accurate prediction of the twelve variables can be achieved with the knowledge of four predictor variables (Loi, EC, pH and Cl). For the second Landfill B, only ten full measurements would be needed for a reliable prediction of most response variables. The four predictor variables would exhibit comparably low analytical costs in comparison to the full set of measurements. This cost reduction could be used to increase the number of samples yielding an improved understanding of the spatial waste heterogeneity in landfills.Concluding, the future application of the developed model potentially improves the reliability of predicted emission potentials. The model could become a standard screening tool for old landfills if its applicability and reliability would be tested in additional case studies. 相似文献
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30.
Phytotoxicity of atrazine, isoproturon, and diuron to submersed macrophytes in outdoor mesocosms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stefanie Knauert Heinz Singer Katja Knauer 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(1):167-174
The submersed macrophytes Elodea canadensis, Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton lucens were constantly exposed over a five-week period to environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine, isoproturon, diuron, and their mixture in outdoor mesocosms. Effects were evaluated investigating photosynthetic efficiency (PE) of the three macrophytes and growth of M. spicatum and E. canadensis. Adverse effects on PE were observed on days 2 and 5 after application. M. spicatum was found to be the more sensitive macrophyte. E. canadensis and P. lucens were less sensitive to atrazine, diuron and the mixture and insensitive to isoproturon. PE of M. spicatum was similarly affected by the single herbicides and the mixture demonstrating concentration addition. Growth of E. canadensis and M. spicatum was not reduced indicating that herbicide exposure did not impair plant development. Although PE measurements turned out to be a sensitive method to monitor PSII herbicides, plant growth remains the more relevant ecological endpoint in risk assessment. 相似文献