Assessing vulnerabilities to the effects of global change: an eight step approach

In the recent years, global environmental change research has seen increased attention to the concept of vulnerability. There have been a growing number of vulnerability assessments, but relatively little discussion on appropriate and common methods. Here we propose a method to guide vulnerability assessments of coupled human–environment systems toward a common objective: informing the decision-making of specific stakeholders about options for adapting to the effects of global change. We suggest five criteria vulnerability assessments must at least possess to achieve this objective. They should have a knowledge base from various disciplines and stakeholder participation, be place based, consider multiple interacting stresses, examine differential adaptive capacity, and be prospective as well as historical. On the basis of these criteria, we present a general methodological guideline of eight steps. To examine whether these eight steps, if attentively coordinated, do in fact achieve the criteria, and in turn satisfy the objective of the assessment, we discuss two case studies. We expect most readers to identify some of the steps as part of their well-established disciplinary practices. However, they should also identify one or more steps as uncommon to their research traditions. Thus taken together the eight steps constitute a novel methodological framework. We hypothesize that if researchers employ this framework, then the products of the research will (1) achieve the objective of preparing stakeholders for the effects of global change on a site-specific basis, and (2) further the “public good” of additional insights through cross-study comparisons of research projects designed according to common principles.     

Application of recording films of solar radiation for environmental and ecological research

Global solar radiation is recorded by fading of the colored film into which azo-dye is impregnated with use of organic solvent. Oil Red O, Sudan I, Sudan IV and Pyridylazonaphthol are used as the azo dye. These films can be applied to measure the solar radiation in many kinds of environmental or ecological conditions. The merits of the film compared with usual measurements are to be: unnecessary of any electric sources; cheap and mass-productive easily; suitable to integrate solar radiation for long time; easy dealing in out-door or underwater conditions; possible to use on leaves of any plants because of light weight; possible to use in a lot of points at the same time.     

基于3S技术的环境污染治理对策论应用模型研究

探讨了基于3S技术的现代空间信息系统支持下的对策论多元合作对策费用分摊策略问题。首先．从对策论基本原理出发，分析了费用分摊对策模型。针对大气环境污染防治多元决策问题，提出了采用3S综合集成技术确定污染源及盛行污染路径、确定污染区域面积和污染损失、污染损失费用分摊分析模型与方法。介绍了模型在大气环境污染防治多元决策领域中的应用实例。3S技术为对策论模型提供科学决策数据，有效地解决对策论应用中的瓶颈问题。     

山东省淄博市大气环境质量回顾评价与分析

采用了1992～2001年的SO2、PM10、NO2三种污染物的年均浓度,来表征淄博市的大气环境质量,运用模糊综合评判-灰色关联分析复合模型,对这10年的大气质量进行评价,并对污染的成因进行了分析,最后提出了防治对策.     

基于GIS的遵义市地下水资源管理系统的设计与开发

以先进的地理信息系统软件为平台,结合遵义市地下水资源的特点与水资源管理的实际情况以及未来发展趋势,提出了遵义市地下水资源地理信息系统设计与开发的总体构想。     

山东海滨城市主要海洋地质灾害述评与减防灾措施探讨

海滨城市的海洋地质灾害可分为两大类型：其一是由纯内外自然地质作用造成的危及城乡安全的灾害，如地震、断裂活动、海岸侵蚀、风暴潮；其二是人为活动与自然地质作用相互影响形成的灾害，如过量开采地下水和滥伐森林等引起的地面沉降、海水入侵与倒灌、不合理的海岸工程布局引起的海岸流场变化导致的岸线突变。本文目的在于探讨山东沿海这些灾害类型的分布与成因，进而提出减少或防止这些灾害危害的措施。     

城市土地资源分类评价及其与土地优化配置的关系

对城市土地质量分类型评价,迄今研究甚少。本文较系统地探讨了城市土地资源分类评价的理论、类别选择、因素与因子体系建立、评价基本方法和模型。从椒江等城市的实践看,土地分类评价更能为资源优化配置提供决策依据。     

城市噪声污染控制达标规划方法研究 --以山西省大同市为例

随着城市建设、交通和旅游业的发展,噪声污染已成为大同市的主要环境问题之一.对此,依据关于重点城市环境质量全面达标规划的要求,开展大同市噪声污染控制达标规划.在大同市声环境质量现状评价的基础上,结合该市社会经济发展规划,详细划分了声环境功能区并制定了噪声污染控制达标规划的目标和指标体系.进而,通过对各类噪声源进行预测分析,提出了分阶段的噪声污染控制对策.     

营口开发区城市发展的环保建议

科学的发展观要求以人为本，社会发展应具备全面、协调、可持续性。从环保角度对在新的历史机遇期，营口开发区应如何拓展发展思路提出应尽快确立创建“环保模范城市”的目标、普及城市环境作为资产来经营理念、严守“低污染、低能耗、高科技含量”的项目引进原则、大力推行ISO14000环管体系认证工作及提高市民环保意识等几点建议，对开发区的持续发展具有保障和促进作用。     

推进循环经济描绘乌海蓝图--乌海市大力发展循环经济

长期以来，能源、建材、化工、冶金等行业作为乌海的支柱产业，在推动乌海市经济发展的同时，给环境带来了巨大的压力。发展循环经济是转变经济结构，构筑下一步发展蓝图的必然之路。本文介绍了乌海市开展循环经济的基本情况，阐述了发展循环经济对于我市落实科学发展观的重要意义，提出了建设循环经济试点城市的目标和建设内容及进度安排，本文对于其他地区发展循环经济有一定的借鉴作用。