新型内循环生物流化床处理豆制品废水研究

对采用射流曝气的新型内循环三相生物流化床处理豆制品废水进行了研究。结果表明 :间歇运行时 ,当循环水浓度在 30 0 0～ 4 0 0 0mg/L、循环流量在 10 0～ 2 0 0L/h之间 ,曝气量在 4 0～ 6 0L/h时 ,COD去除率可达到 95 %以上 ,去除容积负荷达到 10kg/m3 ·d以上 ;连续运行时 ,在进水流量 10 0L/h、COD <4 0 0mg/L时 ,出水COD可以达标     

峨边县土壤环境质量现状与优质安全农产品基地建设浅析

通过对峨边县几种主要农业土壤中重金属含量的监测和结果评价,分析出了峨边县土壤环境质量的现状,为峨边县发展无公害农产品和绿色食品生产基地提出建议。     

模糊复合抽检贮存数据的Bayes融合评估方法

目的 针对包含模糊样本的复合抽检型产品开展贮存寿命评估。方法 针对批次产品中的出厂失效数据和贮存失效数据,开展批次数据的相容性检验。通过出厂失效样本数随机化处理,量化贮存过程中模糊样本的不确定性。将出厂试验数据作为先验信息,贮存过程中的出厂试验数据作为观测信息,基于Bayes融合方法,更新出厂失效概率。通过更新后的出厂失效概率,确定模糊样本的组成,筛选出贮存失效概率样本。针对筛选后的样本,基于样本量加权最小二乘方法,开展贮存寿命评估。结果 将所提方法应用于某弹箭产品案例,有效评估了批次出厂失效概率及其估计方差,并给出了可靠寿命评估结果。结论 所提Bayes评估方法融合了出厂抽检数据和贮存抽检数据,有效解决了含模糊样本的失效概率估计问题,提高了估计的精确性,基于样本量权重的加权最小二乘法,考虑了样本的可信程度,提升了方法的科学性。     

Urban nature at the fingertips: Investigating wild food foraging to enable nature interactions of urban dwellers

Meaningful human–nature interactions can counteract the extinction of experience and positively influence people’s nature relatedness, health and wellbeing. In this study, we explored urban wild food foraging to understand how best to enable human-nature interactions in cities by means of foraging. Using a structured questionnaire, a total of 458 residents of Vienna, Austria were surveyed. Sixty-four percent of visitors of public urban green spaces previously foraged for wild food species, whereas foraging frequencies were related to the targeted plant species and their life forms. People who foraged more frequently had greater nature relatedness, more childhood foraging experiences and lived on the outskirts of the city, but their socio-demographic backgrounds were heterogeneous. Social acceptance and lack of access to wild foods were perceived to be barriers. To promote nature relatedness through urban foraging, the legal framework, access to low-contamination foraging areas, availability of wild foods and social acceptance need to be improved.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01648-1.     

ASsessment Of Alcohol Ethoxylate Surfactants And Fatty Alcohols Mixtures In River Sediments And Prospective Risk Assessment

A feasible and relatively readily available analytical method was adapted for the assessment of alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and fatty alcohols (FA) in sediments. This study illustrates the simultaneous measurement of 38 of 114 possible alcohol ethoxylate ethoxymers (AE) and fatty alcohols (FA) found in commercially important AE products. We predicted toxicity for all identified fractions, as well as the total mixture toxicity, relative to three exposure scenarios via sewage treatment plants (STP) for these widely used chemicals in consumer products and hence generate a preliminary environmental risk screening for AE and FA in sediments. The method is based on derivatization of solvent or solid-phase extracts with 2-fluoro-N-methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (Pyr+). The derivatized extracts were analyzed with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) operating in the positive ion electrospray mode. The extraction efficiency of AE and FA in three different sediments of varying composition was evaluated with spike-recovery studies, ranging from 64% to 80%. The detection limits for individual ethoxymers typically ranged from 1 to 5ngg⁻¹on a dry weight basis. The mean limit of detection (LOD) was 6ngg⁻¹and the median LOD was 3ngg⁻¹. AE and FA in sediments were found to be stable for two weeks if preserved with 3% (v/v) formalin and stored at 4–6^∘C. Based on equilibrium partitioning, background concentrations of AE and FA were predicted to be below concentrations known to elicit chronically toxic effects. Total worst case mixture toxicities for all AE ethoxymers combined with FA were predicted to result in a risk quotient less than 0.6. Activated sludge treatment (STP) significantly reduced the release of total AE and FA by four-fold, suggesting that the total mixture risk quotient would be < 0.15 for sediment dependent organisms.     

“人与自然和谐共生”愿景下生态产品价值实现机制与路径研究

生态产品价值实现是推动绿水青山转化为金山银山、促进人与自然和谐共生的关键路径和有效举措,对加快生态文明建设具有重要意义。本文根据生态产品的产权界限、公益性程度和供给消费方式,系统梳理了不同类型的生态产品价值实现模式,深入剖析了当下生态产品价值实现的制约瓶颈,如产权界定不清、法律制度不完善、市场机制不健全、生态补偿机制和保障体系有待进一步优化等。在此基础上,研究提出完善生态产品价值实现的针对性对策建议：(1)完善生态产品产权体系,夯实“绿水青山”向“金山银山”转化的制度基础;(2)培育生态产品市场建设,拓宽“绿水青山”向“金山银山”转化的市场化通道;(3)健全生态补偿机制,优化多主体利益联结机制;(4)强化生态产品价值实现保障体系,提升生态产品转化成效。     

北京市空气质量及其与能源消费结构的动态关联

运用模糊集理论中的Euclidean权距离评价2002—2011年北京市空气质量。根据最大隶属度原则确定空气质量等级值,结合灰色系统理论中的关联动态矩阵分析法,研究北京市主要大气污染物与9种能源消费因子的动态关系。结果表明,2002、2004—2007年北京市空气质量处于Ⅲ级,2003、2008—2011年处于Ⅱ级,空气质量由劣到优的年份排序为2002、2011、2010、2006、2007、2009、2008、2005、2004、2003年,2003、2008年空气质量得到改善,2009年以来有所恶化;燃料油、焦炭和煤炭是造成北京市大气污染的前3位能源,天然气是最清洁的能源;同种能源与不同污染物的关联程度相似;同种能源与污染物在不同时间段的关联序基本不变,不同能源因子分别表现出"缓慢上升"、"逐渐升高"、"水平S"型和"倒U"型4种态势;燃料油与大气污染物"同增同减",大气污染物与燃料油正相关;天然气与大气污染物"此涨彼消",天然气与大气污染物负相关。     

固体废物加工产物属于产品的条件

借鉴欧盟、经济合作与发展组织、美国提出的固体废物加工产物属于产品需要满足的条件,结合《固体废物鉴别导则(试行)》中鉴别固体废物加工产物不属于固体废物而属于产品时最常用的因素,提出固体废物加工产物属于产品需要同时满足的3个条件,即符合国家、地方或行业通用的产品质量标准,符合国家污染控制标准,以及生产工艺过程和相应设施通过环境影响评价及建设项目竣工环境保护验收,为固体废物加工产物的固体废物监管和鉴别提供参考。     

A suggestion for Korean resource productivity management policy with calculating and analyzing its national resource productivity

In this study, we suggested a criterion of Korean resource productivity calculation method including its range which is not generalized yet and analyzed its level by reviewing the resource productivity management policies and study trends of the major advanced countries. The material flow indexes that are widely used in major advanced countries, such as the domestic material consumption (DMC), were used to establish the resource productivity calculation method with estimation the domestic resource productivity during 2000–2010. As of 2010, the DMC was 590 million ton, GDP was 1 trillion dollars and DMC-based resource productivity was 1.75 thousand US dollars/ton, which was continuously increased during last ten years with 8.0%, 50.0%, and 38.9%, respectively. This increase tendency was not because of DMC reduction through resource management but because of just large GDP increase. The results of the comparison with other countries indicated that Korea had the lower resource productivity level and also the lower increasing rate than major advanced countries such as the UK and Japan, and required an efficient resource management plan for improvement. Therefore, we finally suggested a Korean resource productivity policy direction to construct its sustainable system for its improvement.     

闽江入海断面溶解无机氮长时间序列分析及入海通量估算

为深入研究闽江口富营养化机制,于1985—2021年在闽江入海断面开展了水质监测。采用结合局部加权回归散点平滑法(LOWESS)的季节性肯达尔检验(SK检验)对断面溶解无机氮(DIN)及其各组分浓度变化趋势进行分析,同时结合水文资料对入海通量进行估算。结果表明:DIN浓度范围为0.728~3.140 mg/L,在37年间整体呈上升趋势,但不显著。各组分中NO₂-N和NH₃-N浓度分别呈显著和极显著下降趋势,而NO₃-N浓度呈极显著上升趋势。DIN组分中NO₂-N和NH₃-N比重不断减小,而NO₃-N比重不断增大,目前已成为DIN的主要组成部分。DIN入海通量范围为3.59×10⁴~14.85×10⁴ t,在37年间缓慢增加,其各组分入海通量长期变化趋势同浓度变化类似。从长期来看,DIN及其各组分浓度的变化趋势主要受流域环境变化及下游福州市含氮废水排放影响,而在短期则受台风、降水等一些突发环境事件的影响较大。