新疆平原区饮用地下水中F-含量的调查与评价

利用1997—1999年2058个饮用地下水中F-含量的测试成果。评价了新疆平原区饮用地下水中F-含量的状况,其结果为：F-含量变化范围为0．05—7．00mg/L,面积加权平均值为0．68mg/L,超标率18．9％。     

区域环评中生态适宜度分析指标体系的探讨

从城市生态学的内涵和自然与社会两大生态系统出发,结合上海城市特点,建立应用于上海市城镇区域开发建设环境影响评价的生态适宜度分析指标体系,它包括开发区居住用地和工业用地的三级指标体系,其中居住区包含环境质量、绿化景观和地理位置等6项自然生态指标,和生活设施、布局设计、人口密度和综合管理等10项人文社会生态指标;工业区包含环境质量和自然地理等8项自然生态指标,和基础设施、人力资源和综合条件等9项人文生态指标.指标体系以上海市罗店镇和庄行镇城镇作为评价对象进行实例验证分析,结果表明,与实际情况基本相符.     

环境污染和生态破坏经济损失的估算模型

应用江苏省1988—2002年时序数据,建立环境污染与生态破坏经济损失的宏观估算模型,对影响环境污染与生态破坏的限制因子进行定量分析评价。     

再生水补给型城市景观水体的水生生物群落特征—以圆明园为例

为了解圆明园水环境生态和生物多样性现状,掌握圆明园生态修复区长期恢复状况,于2017年对圆明园水系末端长春园开展水质、大型水生植物、蜻蜓目(Odonata)昆虫、鱼类(Piscium)和软甲动物(Malacostraca)的调查.结果表明:圆明园经过园区内水生生物群落的净化作用,水质基本达到地表Ⅲ类～Ⅳ类水体标准,属于...     

Tessaria absinthioides: a possible bio‐monitor for Cd,Pb, and Cu,in the middle and lower basin of the loa river,North Chile

Some ecotoxic metals such as Cd, Pb, and Cu in Tessaria absinthioides were quantified to study its possible use as a bio‐indicator and/or bio‐monitor of these metals. This plant was chosen for its abundance in the area under study, along Chile and even in southern Latin America. For Cd, Pb, and Cu in all three parts of the plant (leaves, stems and roots) a different concentration pattern in each sampling areas was observed. In sampling areas Coya Sur and La Cascada copper and cadmium concentration decrease in order: leaves > roots > stems. In samples collected in Xalquincha the lowest concentrations of Cd and Pb were observed in stems. A maximum of cadmium concentration (9ug/gd.w. in leaves) was found in samples from La Cascada, a inflow to river Loa in Calama. High concentrations of lead were found in roots and leaves. Collected data demonstrate that the main pathway for cadmium is from ground water via roots into the plant. Some data obtained for lead and copper indicate that the influence of dust particles adsorbed on leaves and stems can be higher than uptake from ground water.     

再生水补给型景观水体微生物健康风险评价——以圆明园为例

再生水作为景观水体的非常规补给水源被全球各个国家广泛使用,而其内病原微生物的存在可能会通过不同传输途径对人体健康产生一定的威胁.因此,本文以粪大肠菌群（Fecal Coliform,FC）、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli,EC）、肠球菌（Enterococcus,ENT）为研究对象,系统调查了圆明园景观水体中这3种指示微生物的污染特征,并运用定量微生物风险评价模型（Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment,QMRA）量化了其对人体健康造成的潜在风险.研究结果显示,沿着园区内水体的流动方向,3种指示菌的浓度与入水时相比均出现了明显的增长,其中ENT和FC浓度最高值分别达到了入水时的14.3倍和17.6倍,增长情况最为明显.采用不同剂量-A反应方程表征的FC、EC、ENT单次暴露的健康风险值皆低于1.7×10^-2,处于风险可接受的范围;在年健康风险方面,职业人群的年健康风险远高于非职业人群;经过人工湿地工程的生态修复区域能够显著削减指示微生物浓度,同时在一定程度上降低病原微生物带来的健康风险,因此扩大生态修复范围可以进一步降低风险.     

规划环评中景观非生态功能影响评价实例

以景观概念作为融合自然与社会、科学与美学、理性与感性的结合点,研究了景观非生态功能的内涵及其评价技术理论框架,从景观功能中提炼出景观非生态功能概念,初步完成景观非生态功能评价指标体系的构建.评价技术体系设计突出环境影响评价中现状评价的客观性以及影响预测的科学性.以人感尺度下的评价对象——景观单元概念为创新点,该评价体系补充并完善了现有景观评价体系的技术链条,在保证评价精度的前提下,简化并规范了评价工作流程.该评价体系沿用现有环境影响评价所广泛采用的现状评价、影响源分析、影响预测评价及措施建议的技术思路,基本能满足现行技术规范的要求.以武汉市后官湖生态宜居新城规划环评为例,验证了该体系的可操作性,为我国规划环评在景观评价技术领域的发展提供理论和实践参考.      

Restorating marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goad for integrated catchment management in Tolo Harbour,Hong Kong,China

Abstract

The paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management, in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Tolo Harbour is to meet with Water Quality Objectives. The performance of an ICM plan, Tolo Harbour Action Plan (THAP), is evaluated by using marine coastal ecosystem health indicators including stress indicators and responses indicators. Since the implementation of THAP in 1988, some significant reduction in pollution loading has been observed—reduction of 83% of BOD load and 82% of TN between 1988 and 1999. There has been an improvement in the health state of Tolo Harbour marine coastal ecosystem as evidenced in the trends of the physical, chemical and biological indicators, although some reverse fluctuations in some periods exist. However, this can only be considered as the first sign of the ecosystem health restoration, since ecosystem health covers not only physical, chemical and biological aspects of an ecosystem, but also ecosystem-service-function aspect. It is recommended to take the restoration and protection of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal, instead of water quality objective management, for integrated catchment management in Tolo Harbour catchment. Steps to further improve the marine coastal ecosystem health of Tolo harbour are discussed in the paper.     

Developing Mechanism of Rubber-tea-chicken Agro-forestry Model in Tropical Area of China

Abstract

As a typical tropical agro-forestry ecosystem in Wenchang, Hainan Province, China, rational mechanisms of the rubber-tea-chicken eco-agricultural model were studied with the Solow technological level index, stability indicator, harmonizing coefficient, grey correlation coefficient and production dominance. This study focused on rational hierarchical structure, the limiting factors and optimal strategies of the model development based on model structure, resource conditions and external market demands. Results showed that rational mechanism of the rubber-tea-chicken ecosystem model mainly included technological contributions, leverage function of dominance component (livestock husbandry), stability of the model structure and harmony of its components, the model dominant product’s market demand and government’s supporting policies. The contributions of fund, technology, information and talent resources played an important role in improving sustainability and productivity of the agro-forestry model.     

中国城市绿化评价系统比较分析

城市绿化在城市环境建设中起着至关重要的作用。为衡量城市绿化建设的水平和指导城市规划,有必要建立科学的绿化评价体系。分析和比较了中国现有的4种国家级城市绿化评价体系：国家园林城市标准、全国绿化模范城市标准、国家森林城市标准和国家生态园林城市标准,并从易得性、可比性、简易性、客观性等4个方面对具体的指标进行了分析。4种绿化...