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11.
It has been shown that starch can effectively stabilize nanoscale magnetite particles, and starch-stabilized magnetite nanoparticles (SMNP) are promising for in situ remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils. However, a molecular level understanding has been lacking. Here, we carried out XAFS studies to bridge this knowledge gap. Fe K-edge XAFS spectra indicated that the Fe-O and Fe-Fe coordination numbers of SMNP were lower than those for bare magnetite particles, and these coordination numbers decreased with increasing starch concentration. The decrease in the average coordination number at elevated stabilizer concentration was attributed to the increase in the surface-to-volume ratio. Arsenic K-edge XAFS spectra indicated that adsorbed arsenate on SMNP consisted primarily of binuclear bidentate (BB) complexes and monodentate mononuclear (MM) complexes. More BB complexes (energetically more favorable) were observed at higher starch concentrations, indicating that SMNP not only offered greater adsorption surface area, but also stronger adsorption affinity toward arsenate. 相似文献
12.
Holger Ecke Nourreddine Menad Anders Lagerkvist 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2002,4(2):117-126
Dry scrubber residue from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) was characterized to identify critical inorganic pollutants
and to suggest a conceptual treatment method. The key methods used were thermal analysis, including thermogravimetry (TG)
and differential thermal analysis (DTA), pHstat titration, qualitative X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chemical equilibrium calculations, and
statistics such as error propagation, principal component analysis (PCA), and empirical modeling based on factorial designs.
Based on EU directives, the major inorganic pollutants Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn were found. In addition, the pH was too high. With
dry scrubber residue stabilization in mind, the impact of carbonation and hydration was assessed and judged to be encouraging.
In particular, chemical equilibrium calculations showed that carbonation has considerable potential to lower the pH and the
availability of Pb, Zn, and Cr. The impact of carbonation on the mobility of Cd was found to be small. During carbonation,
a metal-trapping calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C–A–S–H) phase is also formed. Both processes together have the potential
to lead to a robust, reliable, and reasonable stabilization method for dry scrubber residue. However, to control these processes,
the decisive factors need to be identified and their effects need to be quantified. Ca, Cl, Na, and K might be abundant components
which would be mobile even after stabilization.
Received: September 11, 2001 / Accepted: December 6, 2001 相似文献
13.
新型稳定塘污水处理技术AIPS 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
由于资金和能源紧张,高效低耗的污水处理技术受到人们的重视。AIPS新型稳定塘是由美国Oswald教授研究开发,并有30a成功经验的污水处理技术。该技术具有低投资,低运行费用、易管理、比普通稳定塘占地少的优点。 相似文献
14.
重金属是工业生产的废弃物,可随着雨水渗透至低处,通过在植物体内聚集停留于土壤,导致土壤退化,农作物品质降低。同时,还会污染地下水,恶化水文环境,威胁人类生命。本文首先分析了重金属污染土壤的来源和现状,然后分析了重金属污染土壤的特点和危害,最后探讨了污染土壤稳定化修复效果的评估方法和二次污染防治,以供参考。 相似文献
15.
Assessing the capacity of biochar to stabilize copper and lead in contaminated sediments using chemical and extraction methods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mingming Wang Liangsuo Ren Dayang Wang Zuansi Cai Xuefeng Xi Aizhong Ding 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(5):91-99
Because of its high adsorption capacity, biochar has been used to stabilize metals when remediating contaminated soils; to date, however, it has seldom been used to remediate contaminated sediment. A biochar was used as a stabilization agent to remediate Cu- and Pb-contaminated sediments, collected from three locations in or close to Beijing. The sediments were mixed with a palm sawdust gasified biochar at a range of weight ratios (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) and incubated for 10, 30, or 60?days. The performance of the different treatments and the heavy metal fractions in the sediments were assessed using four extraction methods, including diffusive gradients in thin films, the porewater concentration, a sequential extraction, and the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. The results showed that biochar could enhance the stability of heavy metals in contaminated sediments. The degree of stability increased as both the dose of biochar and the incubation time increased. The sediment pH and the morphology of the metal crystals adsorbed onto the biochar changed as the contact time increased. Our results showed that adsorption, metal crystallization, and the pH were the main controls on the stabilization of metals in contaminated sediment by biochar. 相似文献
16.
The in situ stabilization of potentially toxic metals (PTMs), using various easily available amendments, is a cost-effective remediation method for contaminated soils. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of apatite and a commercial mixture of dolomite, diatomite, smectite basaltic tuff, bentonite, alginite and zeolite (Slovakite) on Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd stabilization by means of decreasing their bioavailability in contaminated soil from an old lead and zinc smelter site in Arnoldstein, Austria. We also investigated the impact of 5% (w/w) apatite and Slovakite applications on soil functionality and quality, as assessed by glucose-induced soil respiration, dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase activity. Both amendments resulted in increased soil pH and decreased PTM potential bioavailability assessed by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid extraction and by sequential extractions in the water-soluble and exchangeable fractions. The efficiency of stabilization was reflected in the soil respiration rate and in enzymatic activity. The β-glucosidase activity assay was the most responsive of them. 相似文献
17.
18.
Ammophila arenaria (marram grass) was introduced to South Africa from Europe as a means of stabilizing the Cape Flats in the 1870s, but was
only successfully established in the 1890s as it was found that seeds from the first introductions did not readily germinate.
By the end of the last century, it was successfully used as a dune stabilizing grass. It is now widely used in stabilization
projects along the Cape coastline, being established by planting cuttings or whole plants. Because of problems experienced
of marram becoming invasive, especially on the west coast of North America, and the fact that we have many invasive species
which threaten our indigenous dune fields, studies have been initiated on this plant in South Africa. Most work to date has
involved investigating the methods used to establish the plant in stabilization sites, and very little has been done on the
biology of the species in this country. Marram is generally thought not to seed in South Africa, and thus its spread has been
limited.
However, in the light of recent reports of successful germination of the seed, detailed studies on the phenology of seed production
and establishment in natural areas will be undertaken. Studies on the natural control by fungal species and nematodes will
be carried out in conjunction with work done in the Netherlands, so that a comparison of the biology of the species in South
Africa can be made with that in Europe, where it is used extensively to stabilize dunes.
Nomenclature: Arnold & de Wet (1993) for vascular plants. 相似文献
19.
Ammophila arenaria (marram grass) was introduced to South Africa from Europe as a means of stabilizing the Cape Flats in the 1870s, but was
only successfully established in the 1890s as it was found that seeds from the first introductions did not readily germinate.
By the end of the last century, it was successfully used as a dune stabilizing grass. It is now widely used in stabilization
projects along the Cape coastline, being established by planting cuttings or whole plants. Because of problems experienced
of marram becoming invasive, especially on the west coast of North America, and the fact that we have many invasive species
which threaten our indigenous dune fields, studies have been initiated on this plant in South Africa. Most work to date has
involved investigating the methods used to establish the plant in stabilization sites, and very little has been done on the
biology of the species in this country. Marram is generally thought not to seed in South Africa, and thus its spread has been
limited.
However, in the light of recent reports of successful germination of the seed, detailed studies on the phenology of seed production
and establishment in natural areas will be undertaken. Studies on the natural control by fungal species and nematodes will
be carried out in conjunction with work done in the Netherlands, so that a comparison of the biology of the species in South
Africa can be made with that in Europe, where it is used extensively to stabilize dunes. 相似文献
20.