以聚己内酯作为生物反硝化固体碳源的研究

为解决水体因低碳氮比而导致脱氮效率差的问题,将颗粒聚己内酯(PCL)重新塑形为阶梯环状,研究其作为反硝化过程的生物膜载体与固相碳源的反硝化性能。结果表明,在静态实验中,平均反硝化速率为8.57 mg NO3-N/(L·h);反硝化过程为零级反应。连续填充床实验中,超过90%的硝酸盐可被去除,出水NO2-N质量浓度低于0.20 mg/L;出水NH3-N质量浓度略有上升;出水溶解性有机碳(DOC)先上升后降低至1 mg/L左右。电子扫描显微镜扫描显示,PCL阶梯环反应表面空隙率较高,表面生物膜以杆菌为主,反应后被明显腐蚀;液相色谱检测显示PCL阶梯环分子量反应前后略有下降,其结构未受到破坏;表明该材料适合作为反硝化反应的碳源的同时,又可以作为载体供微生物附着生长。     

Carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection byproduct precursor variation during the reversed anaerobic–anoxic–oxic process of a sewage treatment plant

Disinfection byproduct(DBP)precursors in wastewater during the reversed anaerobic–anoxic–oxic(A~2/O)process,as well as their molecular weight(MW)and polarity-based fractions,were characterized with UV scanning,fluorescence excitation emission matrix,Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Their DBP formation potentials(DBPFPs)after chlorination were further tested.Results indicated that the reversed A~2/O process could not only effectively remove the dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and dissolved total nitrogen in the wastewater,but also affect the MW distribution and hydrophilic–hydrophobic properties of dissolved organic matter(DOM).The accumulation of low MW and hydrophobic(HPO)DOM was possibly due to the formation of soluble microbial product-like(SMP-like)matters in the reversed A~2/O treatment,especially in the anoxic and aerobic processes.Moreover,DOM in the wastewater displayed a high carbonaceous disinfection byproduct formation potential(C-DBPFP)in the fractions of MW100 k Da and MW5 k Da,and revealed an increasing tendency of nitrogenous disinfection byproduct formation potential(N-DBPFP)with decrease of MW.For polarity-based fractions,the HPO fraction of wastewater showed significantly higher C-DBPFP and N-DBPFP than hydrophilic and transphilic fractions.Therefore,although the reversed A~2/O process could remove most DBP precursors by DOC reduction,it led to the enhancement of DBPFP with the formation and accumulation of low MW and HPO DOM.In addition,strong correlations between C-DBPFPs and SUVA,and between N-DBPFPs and DON/DOC,were observed in the wastewater,which might be helpful for DBPFP prediction in wastewater and reclaimed water chlorination.     

Insights into sludge granulation during anaerobic treatment of high-strength leachate via a full-scale IC reactor with external circulation system

In this study, a full-scale internal circulation(IC) reactor coupled with an external circulation system was developed to treat high-strength leachate from a municipal solid waste(MSW)incineration plant, in which anaerobic sludge granulation was intensively investigated. Results showed that the IC reactor achieved excellent treatment performance under high organic loading rates(OLR) of 21.06–25.16 kg chemical oxygen demand(COD)/(m3? day). The COD removal efficiency and biogas yield respectively reached 89.4%–93.4% and 0.42–0.50 m3/kg COD.The formation of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) was closely associated with sludge granulation. Protein was the dominant component in sludge EPS, and its content was remarkably increased from 21.6 to 99.7 mg/g Volatile Suspended Solid(VSS) during the reactor operation. The sludge Zeta potential and hydrophobicity positively correlated with the protein/polysaccharide ratio in EPS, and they were respectively increased from-26.2 m V and 30.35% to-10.6 m V and 78.67%, which was beneficial to microbial aggregation. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy(3 D-EEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)analysis further indicated the importance of protein-like EPS substances in the sludge granulation. Moreover, it was also found that the secondary structures of EPS proteins varied during the reactor operation.     

CIBR污泥吸附有机物机理及应用

通过吸附实验考察连续流间歇生物反应器(CIBR)中污泥对有机物的吸附效果及吸附类型,分析好氧、缺氧和厌氧环境对污泥吸附有机物能力的影响,进而探讨污泥的吸附能力在CIBR实现有机物高效去除中的作用.实验结果表明,污泥对有机物的吸附主要是物理吸附.好氧/缺氧/厌氧环境对活性污泥及其灭活污泥吸附有机物能力影响不大,各环境下平均吸附率分别达到54.09％和48.62％.污泥良好的吸附能力及其先吸附后生物降解的特性,保证了CIBR混合液中COD值始终低于30 mg/L.     

中国城市空气质量分级管理策略探讨

本文在充分剖析我国现阶段城市环境空气质量及相关管理工作存在的主要问题的基础上,探讨了以改善城市空气质量兼顾城市群效应控制为重点的城市空气质量分级管理策略。研究提出,为适应新的污染特征和形势,国家应针对不同地区、不同污染来源特征、不同污染程度的各类城市实行分类指导和分级管理的思路。     

Up-regulation of contractile endothelin receptors by airborne fine particulate matter in rat mesenteric arteries via activation of MAPK pathway

Fine particle matters (PM_2.5) is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Vascular hyper-reactivity plays an important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The present study was designed to investigate a hypothesis that PM_2.5 up-regulated endothelin receptors in mesenteric artery and the potential underlying mechanisms. Rat mesenteric arteries were cultured with PM_2.5. The artery contractile responses were recorded by a sensitive myograph. ET_B and ET_A receptor expressions of mRNA and protein were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results showed that ET_B receptor agonist, sarafotoxin 6c induced a negligible contraction in fresh artery segments, while ET_A receptor agonist, ET-1 induced an obvious contraction. After organ culture, the contraction curve mediated by ET_B and ET_A receptors were shifted toward the left. PM_2.5 1.0 μg/ml cultured for 16 h further enhanced ET_B and ET_A receptor-mediated contractile responses with a markedly increased maximal contraction. The organ culture enhanced ET_B and ET_A receptor mRNA and protein levels from fresh arteries, which were further increased by PM_2.5. The U0126 (MEK/ERK1/2 inhibitor) and SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) significantly attenuated both organ cultured-induced and PM_2.5-induced up-regulation of ET_B receptor. U0126 also suppressed organ culture-increased and PM_2.5-increased expressions of ET_A receptor. SB203580 only suppressed PM_2.5-induced enhanced expressions of ET_A receptor In conclusion, airborne PM_2.5 up-regulates ET_B and ET_A receptors of mesenteric artery via p38 MAPK and MEK/ERK1/2 MAPK pathways.

     

TiO2薄膜光催化剂的制备及其活性

用活化反应蒸发技术制备了不同附载条件的TiO2薄膜光催化剂，膜厚度在0．5μm－1.2μm之间，经400℃退火后用XRD测定其晶型结构，发现无定型TiO2已部分转变为锐钛矿型。薄膜光催化剂连续使用两次活性会下降，用HCl冲洗活性即可恢复。考察了不同波长的电光源和不同辐射强度的太阳光下两种催化剂薄膜的活性比较，结果发现短波长电光源下（254nm）膜厚度以0．5μm最佳，而强烈辐射的太阳光下膜厚度以1.2μm最佳。     

组合人工湿地系统对污水处理厂二级出水的深度处理效果

为了解组合人工湿地系统深度处理污水的效果,利用水质分析和微生物多样性分析相结合的方法,研究了VF-HF组合人工湿地系统〔由VFCW（垂直流人工湿地）与HFCW（水平流人工湿地）串联组成〕深度处理污水处理厂二级出水的效果.结果表明:①稳定运行期间,VF-HF组合人工湿地系统出水的ρ（COD_Cr）、ρ（NH₄+-N）、ρ（TN）和ρ（TP）的平均值分别为18.11、0.41、0.96和0.16 mg/L,对COD_Cr、NH₄+-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为67.21%、89.83%、90.08%和70.91%,且VFCW对COD_Cr的去除性能好于HFCW,HFCW对氮的去除性能好于VFCW.②VF-HF组合人工湿地系统中细菌的丰富度和多样性差异明显,VFCW和HFCW中上层填料中细菌的丰富度和多样性均大于下层,且系统中优势细菌富集明显,其中VFCW沸石层富集了优势反硝化细菌菌科（Comamonadaceae）和优势菌属（Desulfomicrobium）,HFCW的石英砂层富集了优势反硝化细菌菌科（Xanthomonadaceae）和优势菌属（Silanimonas）,HFCW的沸石层富集了优势反硝化细菌菌科（Rhodocyclaceae）.研究显示,VF-HF组合人工湿地系统深度处理二级出水的效果较好,出水水质达到GB 3938—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水质要求,且系统中富集了优势反硝化细菌菌科（Comamonadaceae,Xanthomonadaceae,Rhodocyclacea）以及优势菌属（Desulfomicrobium,Silanimonas）.      

Species identification and mutation breeding of silicon-activating bacteria isolated from electrolytic manganese residue

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A strain of silicon-activating bacteria was isolated from electrolytic manganese residue (EMR); identified as a species of Ochrobactrum by integrated...     

Binding of the veterinary drug tetracycline to bovine hemoglobin and toxicological implications

Tetracycline (TC) is a widely used veterinary drug in animal breeding and fishery. Because of its low bioavailability, the TC residue extensively exists in the environment (e.g. soils, lakes and rivers), which can enter the human body, being potentially harmful. Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein responsible for oxygen carrying in the vascular system of animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of bovine hemoglobin (BHb) with TC through spectroscopic and molecular modeling methods. The experimental results revealed that TC can interact with BHb with one binding site to form a TC-BHb complex, mainly through van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds. The UV-visible absorption, synchronous fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) results revealed that the binding of TC can cause conformational and some microenvironmental changes of BHb, which may affect BHb physiological functions. The synchronous fluorescence experiment disclosed that TC binds into BHb central cavity, which was verified by molecular modeling study. The work contributes to clarify the molecular mechanism of TC toxicity in vivo.