天津市高架点源对城区空气质量影响分析

从典型高架点源到城市众多高架源的污染进行综合分析，阐述了高架点源的污染分布特征和对城市空气质量的影响，高架点源对天津市污染物排放贡献率为45％，但对城市空气质量影响为12％。     

Sensitivity of Ozone Production to the Nmhc Composition,Aerosol Back-Scattering and High Chimney Emission

Abstract

In this paper, three sensitivity studies are designed to analyze the effect of the NMHC (Non-Methane HydroCarbon) composition, the aerosol back-scattering and the high chimney NO _x emission to the photochemical prodution of ozone by using a one-dimensional photochemistry-diffusion model under a favourable meteorological condition. Measurements of the NMHC composition in Taipei indicated that the percentage of iso-butene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene and benzene in a unit volume was much higher than of those observed in other major cities. the high ratio of benzene was directly linked to its high percentage in gasoline. As to the unusually high amount of iso-butene, cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene, more researches are needed to identify their source. Concerns are raised as to how productive is NMHC composition is to the photochemical production of the surface ozone. A rough estimate shows that the total reactivity of the Taipei NMHC composition is about 1.21 × 10^?9 cm³ s^?1 which is 1.6 times that of the Los Angeles (LA) NMHC composition, while the simulated noon peak will be different by 28 ppbv, i.e. 18% more than that simulated with a LA composition.

Meanwhile, high aerosol loading is a serious problem in Taipei. the attenuation of the UV radiation by aerosols cannot be ignored. A numerical simulation shows that the noon ozone level will decrease from 178 to 141ppbv, i. e. about 21% reduction, with deterioration of the visual range from 85 to 5 km.

In the southern Taiwan, industry parks are mixed with the populated Kaohsiung city, hence the large emission of NO _x from high chimneys cannot be ignored. in this study, NO _x is assumed to be emitted in the layer between 235–460 m high with an emission rate of 0.05 or 0.145 ppbv/sec. the results show that the NO _x emitted from the elevated stack lead to a considerable reduction of surface ozone. Such conclusion is obtained due to the fact that a one-dimensional model is used in this paper. Whereas, if a three-dimensional regional model was used, then a higher productivity of ozone downstream would be simulated.     

燃煤电厂脱硫烟囱防腐技术创新和应用探讨

通过对现行燃煤电厂脱硫烟囱防腐技术分析，总结了脱硫烟囱防腐失效的原因，提出了脱硫烟囱防腐的技术创新思路。简要介绍了采用自硫化丁基橡胶防腐衬里对燃煤电厂脱硫烟囱进行防腐的可行性和成功案例。     

垂直发射装置排气道极限承压性能分析

目的研究导弹在意外点火时排气道的力学性能及导弹发射的安全性,对排气道的极限承压性能进行研究。方法建立排气道的极限承压的仿真模型,通过水压试验及发射试验,获取排气道不同种试验方式下的极限承压数据。结果排气道在导弹正常发射时承压设计值为0.3 MPa。极限承压仿真试验过程中,排气道在受到0.5 MPa压强时,所受应力超过材料最大抗拉极限。水压试验过程中,排气道受0.58 MPa压强时,其结构发生破坏。意外点火试验过程中,排气道所受最大压强值为0.24 MPa。结论排气道的极限承压能力可以满足正常发射及意外点火的发射要求,排气道的设计裕量充足。     

基于CFD方法的燃煤电厂烟气排放数值模拟

为研究燃煤电厂的烟气扩散,采用计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics,CFD）方法对燃煤电厂烟气排放中污染物（包含气态污染物和固态颗粒物）的扩散形态进行模拟.燃煤电厂的排烟方式主要有烟塔合一和烟囱两种,根据几何参数建立烟塔合一及烟囱的数值模型,采用纳维-斯托克斯方程（Navier-Stokes equations,N-S equations）求解流场及气态污染物浓度场,采用离散相模型（Discrete Phase Model,DPM）计算固态颗粒污染物运动轨迹.结果表明:对于气态污染物,由于冷却塔下游漩涡的卷吸作用,采用烟塔合一排放的烟气最大浓度和超标范围随环境风速的增加逐渐增大,不利于烟气扩散.但随着环境风速的增加,空气的对流作用逐渐增强,从而加速了烟气的扩散.在漩涡和环境风的综合作用下,烟气的最大浓度和超标范围在环境风速为6 m/s时达到最大值,随后随着环境风速增加而减小.采用烟囱排放的烟气由于漩涡作用很小,因此其最大浓度及超标范围随风速的增加呈递减趋势.得益于烟气在冷却塔内的预扩散,采用烟塔合一排放的烟气最大浓度比采用烟囱排放的烟气最大浓度低将近1个数量级,但这种优势会随着环境风速的增加而减小.对于固态污染物,冷却塔后方的漩涡会加速颗粒物的扩散,因此采用烟塔合一排放的颗粒物的扩散状态远优于采用烟囱排放的颗粒物的扩散状态.      

电厂烟囱高度确定的技术方法

烟囱不仅是电厂生产工艺上为获得一定抽力的排气筒,更重要的是控制大气污染保护环境的重要设施.通过研究有关电厂烟囱高度合理性方法,指出影响污染物落地浓度的主要影响因素,并从气象和环境空气影响角度对不同高度烟囱合理性进行检验.本文实例分析结果表明,烟囱高度要以适合当地气象和环境空气质量实际情况为原则,最大限度地减轻污染物落地浓度对当地造成的不利影响,并从技术、经济的合理性方面进行分析和论证,这对减轻污染和减少资金投入以及对于指导环境空气影响评价工作具有重要意义.     

烟囱高度合理性论证技术方法研究

通过研究有关烟囱高度合理性的国家标准、规定和方法,指出影响污染物落地浓度的主要影响因子,结合一些烟囱高度合理性设计的实例,总结出了一套论证烟囱高度合理性的方案,并从气象和环境空气影响角度对不同高度烟囱合理性进行了检验.分析结果表明,烟囱高度要以适合当地气象和环境空气质量实际情况为原则,最大限度地减轻污染物落地浓度对当地造成的不利影响.这对减轻污染和减少厂家经费投入以及对于指导大气环境影响评价工作具有重要的现实意义.     

Effects of nuclear chimney on climate

In this paper, according to the data from several single nuclear explosion experiments of an equivalent to magnitude of million tons, and combined with meteorological data, their effects on the regional climate nave been analysed.     

大气扩散浓度估算在锅炉房烟囱高度计算中的应用

锅炉房的烟囱已从单纯的排气装置发展成为控制污染、保护环境的设备。因此烟囱高度的正确估算对于环境影响评价工作、建设单位都至关重要。结合唐山某城区集中供热锅炉房环境影响评价案例,利用大气扩散浓度公式估算锅炉房烟囱高度。在计算过程中,考虑了烟气流速及当地常年风向、风速、稳定度等污染气象特征,由正态分布模式导出的简化公式导出最大着地浓度与烟囱有效高度的平方成反比,从而计算出烟囱高度。另外还总结烟囱设计中应注意的一些问题,为建有锅炉房的建设项目环境影响评价工作提供参考。     

不同排放标准下的燃煤电厂烟囱高度与落地浓度关系研究

燃煤电厂全面实施超低排放后,烟气污染物排放浓度及落地浓度得到较大程度降低,是否仍需采用高烟囱排放已引起各方关注.以西北某电厂为例,采用SCREEN3估算模式,对烟气污染物执行超低排放、特别排放及一般排放限值时,不同烟囱高度对应的最大落地浓度及落地距离进行预测.结果表明,执行超低排放限值后,SO2、NO2和PM10的最大落地浓度均显著降低,落地距离不发生变化;最大落地浓度受烟囱高度的影响较小,通过增加烟囱高度降低污染物落地浓度的效益不显著.