Metal levels in computer monitor components discarded in the vicinities of electronic workshops

Levels of Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Cd in the glass screens (GS) and printed wiring boards (PWBs) of obsolete computer monitors (OCMs) were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) following standard digestion. Metal concentrations (mg kg^?1) in GS were in the following ranges (medians in brackets): Pb ND – 3100 (46), Cd 0.5–2.6 (0.8), Cr ND – 18.7 (3.1), and Zn 8.1–600 (37) and in PWBs (mg kg^?1): Pb 34,600 ± 17,000, Cd 11 ± 9, Cr 59 ± 45, Zn 15,900 ± 7800, Cu79,000 ± 22,600, and Ni 3200 ± 2500. In GS, the levels of the six metals were lower than their total threshold limit concentrations (TTLC), except for Pb with a TTLC of 1000 mg kg^?1 in 10% of the samples. In the PWBs, the TTLC of Pb and Cu (2500 mg kg^?1) was exceeded many fold. For Zn (5000 mg kg^?1) and Ni (2000 mg kg^?1); they were exceeded by 90% and 65%, respectively. For OCMs manufactured in 2001 and later, Pb and Zn levels in GS and Cr, Zn, and Ni in PWBs were significantly reduced.     

典型电子废物焚烧区水生生物多溴联苯醚累积特征

对广东清远某电子废物焚烧区封闭水体中水生生物体PBDEs(多溴联苯醚)的累积特征进行了研究. 结果表明,草虾、田螺、河蚌、鲫鱼、鲤鱼、黄鳝和乌鳢等水生生物体内w(∑₂₁PBDEs)(以脂肪质量计)为0.2487~24.50μg/g. 该电子废物焚烧区水生生物PBDEs污染较严重,较我国其他地区开放性水体的水生生物体w(PBDEs)高出1~3个数量级. 其中,底栖动物河蚌和田螺体内PBDEs累积最高,w(∑₂₁PBDEs)分别为11.38和4.968μg/g. 不同同系物在水生生物体内累积差异较大,BDE209是水生生物体PBDEs累积的主要组分,占49.83%~91.48%,八溴代和九溴代BDE也发生了高累积. 营养级是电子废物焚烧区水生生物PBDEs累积的最主要控制因素,但捕食和生活习性对生物体尤其是软体动物PBDEs累积也产生了较大影响.      

典型电子垃圾拆解区大气中多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）的季节变化特征

电子垃圾污染问题已经引起了人们的广泛关注。研究了一典型电子垃圾拆解区及其上下风向大气中PBDEs的季节变化特征。结果表明,夏季电子垃圾拆解区大气中∑17BDEs总浓度为9930pg·m-3,冬季∑20BDEs的总浓度高达41476pg·m-3;和夏季相比,冬季五溴-联苯醚的百分比降低了16.7%,而十溴-联苯醚升高了10.2%,但是,其组成仍然是五溴-联苯醚为主,十溴-联苯醚次之,八溴-联苯醚最少。上下风向地区大气中PBDEs浓度及其组成成分由于受到电子垃圾拆解、本地生产方式和季节变化的影响也表现出相应的变化形式。     

浅谈电子废物变废为宝的绿色途径

电子废弃物已成为城市环境的新压力。本文从加强立法、生产者负责制以及建立健康绿色的废旧电子回收体系三方面分析电子废物变废为宝的绿色途径，从而推动电子废物资源化、无害化发展。     

Environmental injustice of informal e-waste recycling in Agbogbloshie-Accra: urban political ecology perspective

This paper provides additional empirical knowledge of injustice embedded in the urban governance of informal-sector electronic waste (e-waste) recycling in Ghana. It uses Urban Political Ecology and Environmental Justice perspectives to explain how divergent interest and power among diverse actors in the e-waste sector engender social and environmental (in)justice in Accra. Using the case study approach, this paper reveals that the persistent struggles over interest and power which characterise the governance and management of informal e-waste recycling generate inequity, false accusations, misrecognition, disrespect, devaluation, neglect, exclusion, and abuse of freedom and rights. Inclusive of the finding is the development of local resistance and social movement in defence of interests and against state aggression, oppression, domination and neglect. The study concludes to suggest that the governance of urban socio-economic and ecological space of Accra should involve coordination, participation, holistic inclusion of diverse interest, so as to minimise trade-offs and reap synergies.     

加强监管,实施生产者责任延伸制度,防止电子废物污染环境

本文针对我国进入家用电器报废淘汰高峰期的现状,简析了电子废物对环境和人体健康造成的危害,着重分析了我国青岛市及德国、瑞士、日本等发达国家电子废物处理处置的现状。针对我国出现的问题,提出对电子废物处置行业加强监管,采取实施生产者责任延伸制度等措施,学习借鉴欧洲、日本等国政府所采用的电子废弃物管理措施及处置技术,切实防止电子废物对环境造成的污染。     

纳米羟基磷灰石对电子垃圾拆解地农田土壤Pb生物可利用性的影响

为了研究钝化剂对电子垃圾拆解地农田土壤中重金属Pb生物可利用性的影响,采用盆栽试验,在种植油菜和白菜的土壤中加入不同质量比的纳米羟基磷灰石(n-HAP),研究Pb形态、油菜和白菜生物量、油菜和白菜中Pb的累积量,评价纳米羟基磷灰石对Pb生物可利用性的影响.结果表明,加入5 g/kg、10 g/kg、15 g/kg、20 g/kg和25 g/kg纳米羟基磷灰石后,油菜和白菜生物量增加,且油菜生物量大于白菜生物量;油菜内Pb累积量小于白菜内Pb累积量;土壤中残渣态Pb质量比增加,可交换态Pb质量比减少,有效态Pb质量比与Pb生物可利用性显著降低(p＜0.05),与对照组相比,种植油菜和白菜土壤中Pb的生物可利用性分别降低了25.53％～82.77％和45.79％～71.68％.当纳米羟基磷灰石质量比为20g/kg时,油菜和白菜生物量较大,而且对Pb的累积量最低,种植油菜和白菜土壤中Pb的生物可利用性分别降低了81.84％和70.89％.研究表明,纳米羟基磷灰石的适宜投加量为20g/kg,而油菜为理想植物.     

Electronic waste recycling: A review of U.S. infrastructure and technology options

The useful life of consumer electronic devices is relatively short, and decreasing as a result of rapid changes in equipment features and capabilities. This creates a large waste stream of obsolete electronic equipment, electronic waste (e-waste).Even though there are conventional disposal methods for e-waste, these methods have disadvantages from both the economic and environmental viewpoints. As a result, new e-waste management options need to be considered, for example, recycling. But electronic recycling has a short history, so there is not yet a solid infrastructure in place.In this paper, the first half describes trends in the amount of e-waste, existing recycling programs, and collection methods. The second half describes various methods available to recover materials from e-waste. In particular, various recycling technologies for the glass, plastics, and metals found in e-waste are discussed. For glass, glass-to-glass recycling and glass-to-lead recycling technologies are presented. For plastics, chemical (feedstock) recycling, mechanical recycling, and thermal recycling methods are analyzed. Recovery processes for copper, lead, and precious metals such as silver, gold, platinum, and palladium are reviewed. These processes are described and compared on the basis of available technologies, resources, and material input–output systems.     

电子环保循环经济方案分析

根据我国电子废物回收处理的现状,分析存在的问题,并提出相关对策。通过对北京海淀区“电子环保.循环经济”方案,从管理和技术的角度突出了政府推动和市场拉动相结合的方法在建立完善电子废物回收处理链及逐步构建完整IT产业链的重要作用,其思路和做法具有推广价值。