鱼类肌肉组织内铅含量分析方法探究

采用湿式消解法进行前处理,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定鱼类肌肉组织内铅的含量,测定仪器采用波长283.3nm,狭缝1.3nm,灯电流9mA,干燥温度120℃,20s;灰化温度450℃,20s,原子化温度2000℃,5s,背景校正为直流塞曼效应。其含量为0.120-0.361mg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.80%,回收率为97.8%-101%。     

汽车的未来新能源——氢

正丰田汽车最近宣布将推出首款商用氢燃料电池汽车,新车将于明年上市销售。不仅仅是丰田,现在主流的汽车厂商几乎都有一个氢燃料汽车计划:2015年开始,现代计划在美国出租1 000辆氢燃料汽车;雷诺和日产宣布,与戴姆勒、福特共同分担研发成本的氢燃料汽车最快将在2017年推出;通用与本田2013年宣布将组建一家合资公司,在2020年量产氢燃料汽车。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定电路板中金属含量的方法改进

根据样品中被测元素的特点,采用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸-硼酸-硝酸和硝酸体系,对电路板中金属元素进行消解,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对电路板中的金属元素含量进行定量分析。该方法具有简单、准确的特点,可以快速分析电路板中的金属元素含量。     

Expression of sulfur uptake assimilation-related genes in response to cadmium, bensulfuron-methyl and their co-contamination in rice roots

The responses of sulfur （S） uptake assimilation-related genes＇ expression in roots of two rice cultivars to cadmium （Cd）, bensulfuron-methyl （BSM） and their co-contamination （Cd＋BSM） were investigated by gene-chip microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR （QRT-PCR） technology. Treatments of Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate transporter and permease genes, and promoted sulfate uptake in rice roots. Cd＋BSM could alleviate Cd toxicity to cv. Fengmeizhan seedlings, probably due to Cd＋BSM promoting greater S absorption by seedlings. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate assimilation-related genes, and thus activated the sulfur assimilation pathway. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of phytochelatin synthase and metallothionein genes, and induced expression of glutathione S-transferases （GSTs）, glutathione synthase （GS） and S- containing antioxidation enzyme genes, which detoxified Cd2＋. It is suggested that （to cope with the toxicity of Cd, BSM and their co-contamination） the S uptake and assimilation pathway was activated in rice roots by increased expression of related genes, thus enhancing the supply of organic S for synthesis of Cd or BSM resistance-related substances.     

Arsenic removal from groundwater by acclimated sludge under autohydrogenotrophic conditions

Arsenic in the environment is attracting increasing attention due to its chronic health effects. Although arsenite(As(III)) is generally more mobile and more toxic than arsenate(As(V)), reducing As(V) to As(III) may still be a means for decontamination, because As(III) can be removed from solution by precipitation with sulfide or by adsorption or complexation with other metal sulfides. The performance of As(V) bio-reduction under autohydrogenotrophic conditions was investigated with batch experiments. The results showed that As(V) reduction was a biochemical process while both acclimated sludge and hydrogen were essential. Most of the reduced arsenic remained in a soluble form, although 20% was removed with no addition of sulfate, while 82% was removed when sulfate was reduced to sulfide. The results demonstrated that the reduced arsenic was re-sequestered in the precipitates, probably as arsenic sulfides. Kinetic analysis showed that pseudo first-order kinetics described the bio-reduction process better than pseudo second-order. In particular, the influences of pH and temperature on As(V) reduction by acclimated sludge under autohydrogenotrophic conditions and total soluble As removal were examined. The reduction process was highly sensitive to both pH and temperature, with the optimum ranges of pH 6.5–7.0 and 30–40°C respectively. Furthermore, Arrhenius modeling results for the temperature effect indicated that the As(V) reduction trend was systematic. Total soluble As removal was consistent with the trend of As(V) reduction.     

桂林市交警尿汞含量及分布研究

对桂林市3个城区交警按年龄、工龄、工种和性别比例采集尿样44件,测定和研究尿样汞浓度分布状况,并采集普通人群发样128件加以对照。结果表明,车流量越大,从事交警的工龄越长,交警尿样中汞浓度越高。从事外勤工作交警尿样汞平均浓度高于内勤工作交警。桂林市交警尿样汞平均浓度为(2.372±0.657)μg/L,是普通人群(0.348±0.193)μg/L的6.82倍。对交警与普通人群以及外勤交警与内勤交警尿样的汞浓度分别进行独立样本t检验,差异性均显著。男性交警尿样汞平均浓度为(2.429±0.628)μg/L,略高于女交警(2.114±0.722)μg/L。对不同性别交警尿汞浓度进行独立样本t检验,差异性不显著。无铅汽油的使用降低了大气中铅的污染,但汞的污染依然存在,应当引起高度重视。     

KrBr*准分子灯直接光解一甲胺气体

研究了正弦电源驱动的207 nm KrBr*准分子灯光解气相中的一甲胺(MA).考察了降解的影响因素(气体流速、初始浓度、输入功率),测定了灯的输入功率和辐射光谱.为了评价光解过程,对去除效率、能率、碳平衡和CO2的选择性这4个参数进行了研究.结果表明,去除率随着灯的输入功率升高、气体流速的降低以及气体初始浓度的升高而升高.能率与一甲胺初始浓度呈正相关性,输入功率为65.1 W时能率最高.输入功率升高,气体流速下降,碳平衡和CO2选择性都略有升高.当灯的输入功率为79.8 W,气体流速9.0 m3·h-1,初始浓度为2 897 mg·m-3,一甲胺去除率为56.8%,能率为185.6g·(kW·h)-1,相应的碳平衡和CO2选择性为16.8%和10.3%.最后,利用气质联用仪测定了一甲胺降解的产物,结合一甲胺的吸收光谱,推测了一甲胺的光解机制.     

不同pH下生物滴滤塔降解甲苯和硫化氢混气的研究

废气生物处理技术作为一项新型的大气污染控制技术得到广泛应用。实验分别在p H为4.5和7.0条件下,利用生物滴滤塔(BTF)对甲苯和硫化氢混气废气进行降解,为混合废气的高效生物净化提供理论指导。该装置在启动阶段,当空床停留时间(EBRT)为30 s,甲苯浓度为400 mg/m3以上时,p H为4.5和7.0的BTF对甲苯的去除率分别为90%和96%。在稳定阶段,通入2 000~15 000 mg/m3的硫化氢(H2S),发现硫化氢对甲苯的降解无影响.随着实验的进行,p H为7.0比4.5的BTF的生物量高,且压降也略高。p H为4.5和7.0的BTF对甲苯和硫化氢的降解过程符合Michaelis-Menten模型,对甲苯降解的相关系数(R2)分别为0.984 2和0.977 8,单位体积的最大降解速率rmax分别为132.46 g/(m3·h)和93.46 g/(m3·h),相对应的气相饱和常数Ks分别为0.25 g/m3和0.075 g/m3;对硫化氢降解的相关系数(R2)分别为0.969 0和0.971 7,rmax分别为60.24 g/(m3·h)和51.55 g/(m3·h),Ks分别为0.06 g/m3和0.13 g/m3。对CO2生成量分析得:p H为4.5和7.0的BTF矿化率分别为70.7%和74.6%。     

基于CFX的H2S气体室内扩散安全研究

基于ANSYS CFX,模拟H2室内扩散,与在相同条件下的国外实验数据进行对比研究,验证了模型的可靠性;使用相同模型进行H2S室内扩散模拟,得出风速为1.5,3m/s时硫化氢浓度分布与距离的变化规律,以及风速为1.5,3,5 m/s时室内逃生时间,从而对应急预案和安全规划提供参考.     

密封充氢环境条件下固态电化学氢气传感器效应试验研究

目的研究密闭充氢环境下固态电化学氢气传感器效应。方法设计能模拟低氧、低氢和压力变化的密闭充氢环境,并在此环境中进行一系列氢气传感器效应试验,分析、评定试验数据。结果得到了不同环境下氢气、氧气浓度随时间变化的规律,提出固态电化学氢气传感器的有效工作环境,并预测了其在不同贮存环境下的工作寿命。结论密闭充氢环境内压力和温度的变化对固态电化学氢气传感器影响较大,湿度影响较小,注气检定合格的氢气传感器,在密封容器内扩散式检定,不合格率高,检定数据误差大于±5%FS。