成核方式对诱导结晶工艺处理含铜废水的影响

研究了诱导结晶过程中成核方式对诱导结晶工艺处理含铜废水的影响.在2组严格控制的实验条件下,分别考察均相成核和非均相成核下诱导结晶工艺运行效果,并利用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线能谱分析（EDS）等手段考察了2种成核方式下回收的结晶产物的生长状态以及纯度.结果表明,当废水中铜的浓度为50 mg.L-1时,均相成核条件下,结...     

基于SKPCA与NEAT算法的煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测

针对煤与瓦斯突出预测精度不足的问题,为了减少突出灾害的危害,提出了基于稀疏核主成分分析法(SKPCA)与增强拓扑神经进化算法(NEAT)的煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测方法.通过核主成分分析法对突出非线性数据进行降维,然后对主成分数据进行稀疏化,减少原始数据中不重要元素对降维后主成分的影响.搭建增强拓扑神经进化网络(NEAT)预测模型,采用进化算法同时优化神经网络的权值和拓扑结构,得到最佳神经网络预测模型.将处理后的主成分数据输入模型预测突出危险指数,结果表明,该方法危险等级预测准确度达到98％,SKPCA-NEAT模型在煤与瓦斯突出预测上相比PCA和BP神经网络具有优势.     

城市生物质废物厌氧消化处理可行性分析

城市废物传统的处理方式主要包括卫生填埋、焚烧和堆肥,而近年来,随着城市生活垃圾中生物质废物的增加以及世界能源短缺现象的加剧,具有废物处理和资源回收双重效益的生物质废物厌氧消化技术日益受到世界各国的广泛关注。文章分析了我国城市生物质废物的种类和性质,指出了采用目前的三种传统废物处理方式处理我国城市生物质废物的弊端,并提出了利用厌氧消化技术处理城市生物质废物的适用性,对比分析了上述四种废物处理方式的优缺点,并从政策方向性、技术工艺可靠性、原料和市场稳定性,以及环境、经济和社会效益优良性等多方面对城市生物质废物厌氧消化技术的可行性进行了分析,说明厌氧消化技术必将成为未来生物质废物资源化处理的发展趋势。     

河湖疏浚底泥与固废物好氧堆肥研究

研究了不同比例的河湖底泥与固废物混合物在堆肥过程中温度、pH值、含水率、有机质、全氮和碳氮比[ρ(C)∶ρ(N)]等的变化特征.结果表明:含水率保持在60%左右有利于堆肥的腐熟,过高的含水率延长堆肥的腐熟时间;底泥堆肥有机质质量分数不应低于15%;ρ(C)∶ρ(N)保持在25～30:1.添加猪粪和稻壳效果较好,未屑分解较慢,加入尿素等无机氮肥有利于堆肥的腐熟.     

我国纸包装废物产生特性和回收状况研究

纸包装被广泛应用于各个领域,消费量巨大,废物的产生量也巨大,但我国对其产生特性和回收体系研究较少。首先分析纸包装的生产量、消费量、废物产生量和回收量,指出我国纸包装废物回收率,远高于废纸的统计回收率;其次,综合分析纸包装废物的回收特性和回收体系状况,指出纸包装废物主要流向和关键环节;然后,对纸包装消费趋势进行预测,最后,提出纸包装废物回收存在的问题和对策措施。     

国内外循环农业研究与发展比较分析

循环经济是一种促进人与自然协调、和谐的经济发展模式,发展循环经济已成为国家战略。循环农业是把循环经济理念应用于农业生产,在农业生产过程和产品生命周期中减少资源、物质投入量和减少废物排放量,达到生态和经济良性循环的农业发展模式。因此,系统地对国内外循环农业研究成果和发展状况进行比较分析,总结先进经验,对于探索我国循环农业发展道路,促进循环农业发展具有较强的理论指导和实践意义。     

Isolation and characteristics of a novel biphenyl-degrading bacterial strain, Dyella ginsengisoli LA-4

A novel biphenyl-degrading bacterial strain LA-4 was isolated from activated sludge. It was identified as Dyella ginsengisoli according to phylogenetic similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence. This isolate could utilize biphenyl as sole source of carbon and energy, which degraded over 95 mg/L biphenyl within 36 h. The major metabolites formed from biphenyl, such as 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid (HOPDA) and benzoic acid, were identified by LC-MS. The crude cell extract of strain LA-4 exhibited the activity of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (2,3-DHBD) and the kinetic parameters were Km= 26.48 μmol/L and Vmax= 8.12 μmol/mg protein. A conserved region of the biphenyl dioxygenase gene bphA1 of strain LA-4 was amplified by PCR and confirmed by DNA sequencing.     

Degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources by Pseudomonas putida OCNB-1

A bacterial strain that utilized o-chloronitrobenzene(o-CNB) as the sole carbon,nitrogen and energy sources was isolated from an activated sludge collected from an industrial waste treatment plant. It was identified as Pseudomonas putida based on its morphology,physiological,and biochemical characteristics with an automatic biometrical system and the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Microcosm study showed that the biodegradation of o-CNB was optimized at culture medium pH 8.0 and 32°C. At these conditions,the st...     

Early stage toxicity of excess copper to photosystem II of Chlorella pyrenoidosa–OJIP chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis

Acute toxicity of excess Cu on the photosynthetic performance of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was examined by using chlorophyll a fluorescence transients and JIP-test after exposure to elevated Cu concentrations for a short time period. High Cu concentration resulted in a significant suppression in photosynthesis and respiration. The absorption flux (ABS/RC) per PSII reaction center increased with increasing Cu concentration, but the electron transport flux (ET₀/RC) decreased. Excess Cu had an insignificant effect on the trapping flux (TR₀/RC). The decline in the efficiency, with which a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain further than Q_A−(Ψ₀), the maximal quantum yield of primary photochemistry (?_P0), and the quantum yield of electron transport (?_E0) were also observed. The amount of active PSII reaction centers per excited cross section (RC/CS) was also in consistency with the change of photosynthesis when cells were exposed to excess Cu concentration. JIP-test parameters had a good linear relationship with photosynthetic O₂ evolution. These results suggested that the decrease of photosynthesis in exposure to excess Cu may be a result of the inactivation of PSII reaction centers and the inhibition of electron transport in the acceptor side.     

Microbiological parameters and maturity degree during composting of Posidonia oceanica residues mixed with vegetable wastes in semi-arid pedo-climatic condition

The aim of this study was to characterize the biological stability and maturity degree of compost during a controlled pile-composting trial of mixed vegetable residues (VR) collected from markets of Tunis City with residues of Posidonia oceanica (PoR), collected from Tunis beaches. The accumulation in beaches (as well as their removal) constitutes a serious environmental problem in all Mediterranean countries particularly in Tunisia. Aerobic-thermophilic composting is the most reasonable way to profit highly-valuable content of organic matter in these wastes for agricultural purposes. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters were monitored during composting over 150 d. The most appropriate parameters were selected to establish the maturity degree. The main result of this research was the deduction of the following maturity criterion: (a) C/N ratio < 15; (b) NH₄⁺-N < 400 mg/kg; (c) CO₂-C < 2000 mg CO₂-C/kg; (d) dehydrogenase activity < 1 mg TPF/g dry matter; (e) germination index (GI) > 80%. These five parameters, considered jointly are indicative of a high maturity degree and thus of a high-quality organic amendment which employed in a rational way, may improve soil fertility and soil quality. The mature compost was relatively rich in N (13.0 g/kg), P (4.74 g/kg) and MgO (15.80 g/kg). Thus composting definitively constitutes the most optimal option to exploit these wastes.