在降雨量极少的条件下日本琵琶湖的环境因子的分布(英文)

琵琶湖是日本第一大淡水湖,20世纪60年代以来,由于经济的发展,湖水水质逐步变坏。1977年湖的北部出现赤潮,1983年湖的南部出现了湖泊富营养化的产物微囊藻。多年来,在深水区湖水温度分层情况下,叶绿素a或浮游植物主要分布在湖的表层(Tezuka,1984)。但在1994年夏季,降雨量极少的情况下,在深水区叶绿素a或浮游植物主要分布在温跃层附近,这种现象在琵琶湖是罕见的(Nakanishi,1995)。最近,琵琶湖北湖的藻类爆发显著增加了溶氧的消耗,导致了湖底层溶氧的减少。如果湖底层溶氧持续减少,底泥储存的磷就会释放到湖水中,从而加快湖泊富营养化的进程。本文分析了琵琶湖南北10个点1994年4月至1995年3月每月1次的常规观测资料,深入剖析了全湖物理化学参数的时空分布,不仅发现叶绿素的峰值在湖水温度分层时出现在温跃层的上部,而且湖底边界层同时出现了低溶氧和高浊度的现象。分析认为绿素a和溶氧、浊度的对应关系表明温跃层是一光合成活跃的区间。     

JYZ-1型烟气浊度在线监测仪介绍

介绍了JYZ-1型烟气浊度在线监测仪的测量原理、特点及其在环境监测中的应用。     

共存物质对重金属絮凝齐MCC除镉性能的影响

为进一步拓展天然高分子絮凝剂壳聚糖的应用范围，以壳聚糖、L-半胱氨酸为原料，通过酰胺化反应制备一种具有重金属捕集功能的高分子重金属絮凝剂-2-氨基-3-巯基丙酰壳聚糖（MCC），研究了水体中常见的阴阳离子、有机配位剂及浊度对MCC除镉性能的影响，探讨了絮体形貌与絮体分形维数及絮凝除镉效果间的关系。结果表明，Na＋、Cl-、N03、F-、SO4 2-的存在对MCC除Cd2＋均有促进作用，Ca2＋表现为明显的抑制作用；低浓度的EDTA对除镉有促进作用，随着EDTA浓度的增大，逐渐转为抑制作用；低浓度的腐殖酸对MCC去除Cd2＋有显著的促进作用；在一定范围内，浊度可促进MCC对Cd2＋的去除；絮体间空隙越多，絮体分形维数越小，除镉效果越好。     

共存物质对重金属絮凝剂 MCC 除镉性能的影响简

为进一步拓展天然高分子絮凝剂壳聚糖的应用范围，以壳聚糖、L-半胱氨酸为原料，通过酰胺化反应制备一种具有重金属捕集功能的高分子重金属絮凝剂-2-氨基-3-巯基丙酰壳聚糖（MCC），研究了水体中常见的阴阳离子、有机配位剂及浊度对MCC除镉性能的影响，探讨了絮体形貌与絮体分形维数及絮凝除镉效果间的关系。结果表明，Na⁺、Cl^-、NO₃^-、F^-、SO₄^2-的存在对MCC除Cd²⁺均有促进作用，Ca²⁺表现为明显的抑制作用；低浓度的EDTA对除镉有促进作用，随着EDTA浓度的增大，逐渐转为抑制作用；低浓度的腐殖酸对MCC去除Cd²⁺有显著的促进作用；在一定范围内，浊度可促进 MCC对Cd²⁺的去除；絮体间空隙越多，絮体分形维数越小，除镉效果越好。     

13X分子筛联合强化混凝对微污染水中氨氮去除试验研究

采用0.500,0.200,0.074 mm 3种粒径的13X分子筛联合聚合氯化铝(PAC)去除水中氨氮,比较4种不同投加方式对水中氨氮的去除情况,利用3种强化除浊方案解决因投加分子筛而带来的浊度影响。粒径为0.200 mm的分子筛对水中氨氮去除效果优于其他两种粒径,在投加量为2.5g/L时,氨氮去除率可达76.6%。采用先投加分子筛后投加混凝剂的投加方式优于其他投加方式。缩短快速搅拌时间可以有效去除因投加分子筛带来的浊度增大问题,最大去除率可达96.3%,且对水中氨氮的去除效果影响不大。分子筛联合强化混凝对水中氨氮去除效果明显,粒径不同,去除效果不同,投加方式对于处理效果差别明显,通过缩短快速搅拌的时间,可以有效解决因投加分子筛带来的浊度增加的问题。     

减小浊度对水中六价铬测定产生影响的方法

简要介绍了二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法测定六价铬时,几种减小浊度对测定产生影响的较为适用、快捷的预处理方式.     

Evaluation of reusing alum sludge for the coagulation of industrial wastewater containing mixed anionic surfactants

A coagulation-flocculation process is typically employed to treat the industrial wastewater generated by the consumer products industry manufacturing detergents, soaps, and others. The expenditure of chemicals including coagulants and chemicals for pH adjustment is costly for treating this wastewater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of reusing the aluminum sulfate (alum) sludge as a coagulant or as a coagulation aid so that the fresh alum dosage can be minimized or the removal e ciency can be enhanced. The experiments were conducted in a jar-test apparatus simulating the coagulation-flocculation process for simultaneous removals of organic matters, anionic surfactants, suspended solids, and turbidity. At the optimum initial pH value of 10 and the fresh alum concentration of 400 mg/L, the total suspended solids (TSS), total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), total anionic surfactants, and turbidity removal e ciencies were 71.5%, 76.4%, 95.4%, and 98.2%, respectively. The addition of alum sludge as a coagulant alone without any fresh alum addition could significantly remove the turbidity, TCOD, and anionic surfactants. The TSS was left in the supernatants after the settling period, but would subsequently be removed by adding the fresh alum. The TSS, TCOD, and turbidity removal e ciencies were also enhanced when both the alum sludge and the fresh alum were employed. The TCOD removal e ciency over 80% has been accomplished, which has never fulfilled by using the fresh alum alone. It is concluded that the alum sludge could be reused for the treatment of industrial wastewater generated by the consumer products industry.     

Efficacy of two chemical coagulants and three different filtration media on removal of Aspergillus flavus from surface water

Aquatic fungi are common in various aqueous environments and play potentially crucial roles in nutrient and carbon cycling as well as interacting with other organisms. Species of Aspergillus are the most common fungi that occur in water. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the efficacy of two coagulants, aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride, used at different concentrations to treat drinking water, in removing Aspergillusflavus, as well as testing three different filtration media： sand, activated carbon, and ceramic granules, for their removal of fungi from water. The results revealed that both coagulants were effective in removing fungi and decreasing the turbidity of drinking water, and turbidity decreased with increasing coagulant concentration. Also, at the highest concentration of the coagulants, A. flavus was decreased by 99.6% in the treated water. Among ceramic granules, activated carbon, and sand used as media for water filtration, the sand and activated carbon filters were more effective in removing A.flavus than ceramic granules while simultaneously decreasing the turbidity levels in the test water samples. Post-treatment total organic carbon （TOC） and total nitrogen （TN） concentrations in the experimental water did not decrease; on the contrary, TN concentrations increased with the increasing dosage of coagulants. The filtration process had no effect in reducing TOC and TN in tested water.     

Fenton-聚合硫酸铁组合处理生活垃圾压滤液研究

现有城市生活垃圾压滤液一般直接排放到下水管,经市政管网进入污水处理厂综合处理,或者通过专门的运输车辆运至污水处理厂进行生物处理。由于城市生活垃圾压滤液成分复杂,且含有多种难降解的有机物,不利于污水处理厂的生物处理。为了达到将城市生活垃圾压滤液及时、就地、干净和快速地处理,减轻后续生物处理负担的目的,本文以桂林市南溪山垃圾处理厂生活垃圾压滤液为研究对象,通过正交试验研究了利用Fenton和聚合硫酸铁(PFS)组合处理100mL城市生活垃圾压滤液的最佳反应条件和处理效果。结果表明:当pH值为2.5、H2O2的投加量为12.0mL、H2O2与Fe2+的摩尔比(Fe2+的投加量)为10∶1、反应时间为40min、反应温度为30℃时,Fenton法处理达到较好的效果;PFS法处理的最佳反应条件是pH值为8、PFS的投加量为3.6mL、搅拌方式2(先250r/min反应2min、再60r/min反应8min)、反应温度为30℃;将经Fenton法最优处理后的垃圾压滤液调节至PFS法处理的最佳条件,再利用PFS法处理生活垃圾压滤液,得到浊度去除率为96.49%,COD的去除率为85.20%,氨氮去除率为45.36%,浊度、COD、氨氮分别降到8.4NTU、3 728.0mg/L、149.8mg/L。     

电絮凝处理油田生化出水

为了减轻对后续处理中超滤膜的污染，采用电絮凝法处理油田生化出水，降低油田生化出水中的有机物含量。研究了电流强度、曝气时间和pH值对水中总有机碳（TOC）和浊度除去效果的影响以及pH值随曝气时间的变化趋势，通过红外光谱对絮凝处理前后水中总溶解固体进行了分析，优化了电絮凝的工艺条件。研究表明，当水流速度控制在50 mL/s，电流强度为2 A，500 mL絮凝出水的曝气时间为30 min时，整套絮凝工艺对TOC的去除率为48%，浊度去除率为42.9%，COD去除率为44%。