对YYG—2型冷原子荧光测汞仪的改进研究

我们通过对YYG-2型冷原子测汞仪荧光室和相应气路系统的改进,克服了原仪器在操作过程中汞蒸汽直接排于工作台面的现象,提高了仪器的稳定性能和灵敏度,减少了操作步骤和节省了载气,在不同程度上还减化了原仪器结构。通过实践证明改进后的仪器基本上满足了环境监测或其它测试分析的要求。     

原子荧光光度法测定煤中砷的研究

利用原子荧光光度法测定煤中砷的含量,通过原子荧光条件的优化,建立一种利用原子荧光法测定煤中砷含量的新方法,该方法浓度测定范围大、灵敏度高,用于煤中微量砷的测定,结果令人满意.     

Assessment of the quality of the air in the city of Palermo through chemical and cell analyses on Pinus needles

The influence of air pollution on the chemical composition of Pinus sp. needles was examined in polluted and control sites in and around the city of Palermo (Sicily). The chemical composition of needles indicated the extent of contamination of the trees, which were cytologically examined. Cell analysis was carried out on pine samples, including needles and pollens, from 15 different locations. Biostructural and spectrophotometric tests were performed. In particular, concentrations of toxic (Cd, Pb) and non-toxic metals (Fe,Cu, Zn) were determined, as well as injury caused by their accumulation in the needles. The more highly urbanised areas showed higher concentrations of metals (Pb, Cu. Zn, Fe); only the concentrations of Cd and Mn turned out to be constant in all the sites. Cell analysis revealed displasic cells and secondary metabolite accumulations in trees from polluted sites. These changes observed were most likely caused by the toxic effect of pollutants.     

流动注射梯度稀释法在原子吸收分析中的应用

提出了应用流动注射梯度稀释法与原子吸收光度法相结合，样品不经稀释便可同时测定酸雨中不同浓度的钙。方法快速简便。     

Analysis of lead in tongkat Ali hitam herbal preparations in Malaysia

The DCA (Drug Control Authority), Ministry of Health, Malaysia implemented the phase three registration of traditional medicines on January 1st, 1992. As such, a total of 100 products in various pharmaceutical dosage forms of a herbal preparation obtained in Malaysia, containing tongkat Ali hitam, either single or combined preparations, were analyzed for the contamination of a heavy toxic metal, lead, using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, after performing a simple random sampling to enable each sample an equal chance of being selected in an unbiased manner. Results showed that 17% of these products contained 10.3–20.3?ppm of lead, and therefore, do not comply with the quality requirement for traditional medicines in Malaysia. The quality requirement for traditional medicines in Malaysia is not exceeding 10?ppm for lead. Out of these 17 products, 7 products have been registered with the DCA, Malaysia whilst the rest, however, have not registered with the DCA, Malaysia. Although this study showed that 83% of the products complied with the quality requirement for traditional medicines in Malaysia pertaining to lead, however, they cannot be assumed safe from lead contamination because of the risk of batch-to-batch variability.     

PVDF ultrafiltration membranes of controlled performance via blending PVDF-g-PEGMA copolymer synthesized under different reaction times

PVDF blended different graft ratio of PVDF-g-PEGMA were systematically studied. Tuning the amphiphilic copolymer synthesis time to control membrane performance. The PVDF membrane with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h possesses most surface oxygen content. The synthesis time of PVDF-g-PEGMA at 9 h is good for high flux UF membrane. Polyvinylidene fluoride grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PVDF-g-PEGMA) was synthesized using atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) at different reaction times (9 h, 19 h, and 29 h). The corresponding conversion rates were 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. PVDF was blended with the copolymer mixture containing PVDF-g-PEGMA, solvent and residual PEGMA under different reaction times. In this study, we explored the effect of the copolymer mixture additives with different synthesis times on cast membrane performance. Increasing the reaction time of PVDF-g-PEGMA causes more PVDF-g-PEGMA and less residual PEGMA to be found in the casting solution. Incremental PVDF-g-PEGMA can dramatically increase the viscosity of the casting solution. An overly high viscosity led to a delayed phase inversion, thus hindering PEGMA segments in PVDF-g-PEGMA from migrating to the membrane surface. However, more residual PEGMA contributed to helping more PEGMA segments migrate to the membrane surface. The pure water fluxes of the blended membrane with reaction times of 9 h, 19 h, and 29 h are 5445 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹, 1068 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹and 1179 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹, respectively, at 0.07 MPa. Delayed phase inversion can form smaller surface pore size distributions, thus decreasing the water flux for the membranes with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h and 29 h. Therefore, we can control the membrane pore size distribution by decreasing the reaction time of PVDF-g-PEGMA to obtain a better flux performance. The membrane with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h exhibits the best foulant rejection and cleaning recovery due to its narrow pore size distribution and high surface oxygen content.     

水中铅的测定——流动注射氢化物原子吸收光谱法

目前水质分析部门对测定水中铅一般采用双硫腙比色法和原子吸收光谱法这两种方法,但都需要萃取、分离富集等繁琐的操作手段,分析时间长,用样品量大,有机溶剂污染环境等弊端。本文采用流动注射、氢化物原子吸收测定铅,它具有分析速度快、灵敏度等优点,回收率在95%-102%。     

Theoretical study on the degradation reaction of octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin with atomic oxygen O(3P) in dielectric barrier discharge reactor

Dielectric barrier discharges （DBD） have been used in the degradation of dioxins due to the large number of excimers and free radicals produced in discharge process. In this article, the density functional theory （DFT） is used to study the degradation mechanism of octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin （OCDD） with the atomic oxygen O（3P） in DBD reactor. The reactants, intermediates, transition states and products are optimized at the MPWB1K/6- 31 ＋ G（d,p） level. The vibrational frequencies have been calculated at the same level. The reaction pathways and mechanisms are analyzed in detail. The effect of removing the chlorine atom on environment also has been discussed.     

原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的汞

采用微波消解土壤并结合螯合树脂类SPE预处理柱去除消解液中重金属,原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的汞。本方法前处理操作过程简单,用酸量少,避免了测定元素的挥发损失,汞加标回收率为92．8％-104．5％,方法准确度与精密度均令人满意。     

间接火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水和废水中铝

Al3+在一定酸度及1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)存在的条件下,与Cu(Ⅱ)-EDTA发生定量交换反应,生成物Cu(Ⅱ)-PAN可被氯仿萃取,通过测定水相残余铜,从而间接测定铝。本文利用这一原理,进行了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水和废水中铝的试验。结果表明,铝浓度在0.1~1.0 mg/L范围内有良好的线性关系,方法检测范围为0.05mg/L~100mg/L。本法用于不同加标水样中铝的测定,相对标准偏差为3.2%~7.2%,加标回收率为94%~106%。方法灵敏度高,精密度和准确度好,检测范围宽,检出限低,完全满足现行卫生标准对水体中铝检验的要求,且实验仪器普通易得,便于推广应用。