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Hao X Zhou D Huang D Zhang H Wang Y 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2007,42(8):905-912
In a pot experiment, pig manure (PM) and chicken manure (CM) were applied to an acidic soil at application rates of 2%, 4% and 8% (W/W) to evaluate their effects on the growth, Cu and Zn uptake and transfer of five cultivars of pakchoi (Brassica chinesis L.). The results showed that alkaline manures significantly increased the biomass of pakchois, and also pH and electrical conductivity of the soil. Both 0.01 M CaCl2 and 1.0 M NH4NO3 salt solutions predict the Zn transfer from soil to pakchois well, but not for Cu. For the cultivar Siyueman, the transfer factors of Cu (or Zn) in the PM treatments were higher than that in the CM treatments. In our experiment the Cu and Zn concentrations in pakchois did not exceed the Chinese Food Hygiene Standard, but more attention should be paid to heavy metals risk on pakchois at lower soil pH and salt impairment by manures application. 相似文献
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栖息地适宜度评价方法研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
栖息地模拟法是根据指示物种所需的物理生境条件确定河流流量,评价栖息地适宜度,为水生生物提供一个适宜的物理生境。与其他方法相比,栖息地模拟法考虑了生物本身对物理生境的要求,需要建立物种-生境评价指标。文章总结了目前用于描述物种—生境关系的栖息地适宜度评价方法,包括栖息地适宜度指数、多元统计方法、模糊逻辑方法、人工神经网络、对多物种和群落的统计分析,归纳了各个方法的进展和应用情况,重点分析了统计学方法在评估栖息地适宜度时的优势和不足。栖息地适宜度指数有二元、单变量、多变量3种格式,前2种方法只考虑单一因子,实际应用中多变量格式应用较多。多变量格式方法直观、所需数据容易获取、实际操作性强,是栖息地定量化的经典方法,也是目前应用最多的方法,然而其对专家经验依赖较多,主观性较强。近些年来,多元统计方法在栖息地适宜度评价方面的应用不断增加,它考虑物理变量之间的相互作用和相关性。模糊逻辑法在处理栖息地模拟中的不确定性方面具有优势,能更好地利用专家知识,更合理的处理建模过程中测量的不准确性和不确定性,同时也考虑了多个变量之间的相互作用,但是当考虑的变量数增加时,模糊规则的数量会迅速增加,给计算带来不便。人工神经网络能够隐性地找出响应变量和环境变量之间的复杂关系,但是其解释能力不足,并需要大量的实测数据对其进行训练,实际应用受到限制。通过排序分析或梯度分析可以对多物种和群落进行统计分析。这些方法都各有优劣,在实际应用中,应结合实际情况选择最合适的栖息地适宜度评价方法。 相似文献
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为研究西藏林芝巴结巨柏自然保护区开展旅游活动后巨柏的生长状况及游客行为,通过实地调查和问卷调查,首先对保护区内游客行为特征进行研究,发现其旅游活动相对集中于较短的时间范围和景区入口处,旅游活动单一.其次,由于保护区开展旅游活动已有较长的时间,结合游客的行为特征,对区内旅游干扰进行了调查.进行保护区土壤调查时将保护区划分为四个样区,并在每个区域内设置对照采样点,对保护区内不同样区的游道两侧不同距离的土壤硬度、含水率、容重及pH值进行了测定和分析,发现随旅游干扰强度的增加,土壤的物理、化学性质发生了相应的变化.同时,将保护区沿主要游道划分为三个样区,调查巨柏受伤害状况,发现游客活动频繁的区域,巨柏受伤害的可能性越大且受刻画等级越高.最后探讨了土壤理化性质、巨柏受伤害程度的变化趋势与旅游干扰强度关系. 相似文献
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Zhi-Long Ye Yujun Deng Yaoyin Lou Xin Ye Shaohua Chen 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(3):7
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Since the construction of the Gezhouba Dam in the 1980s, the number of Chinese sturgeon in the Yangtze River has been rapidly declining. The Gezhouba Dam has cutoff the migration path of these sturgeon, resulting in an overall reduction of suitable sturgeon habitat. This paper describes a habitat suitability index model that is used to evaluate the impacts of the Gezhouba Dam and Three Gorges Project on Chinese sturgeon spawning sites. Based on research concerning the reproduction characteristics of Chinese sturgeon, ten major ecological factors that influence reproduction were analyzed, including: water temperature, velocity, water depth, substrate, suspended sediment concentration, and the amount of egg predatory fish. The suitability index (SI) curves based on these ten ecological factors were obtained, and a habitat suitability function was developed. A two-dimensional mathematical model was also created to simulate and predict physical habitat situation (such as hydraulic, sediment, and substrate) of the Chinese sturgeon. By coupling the habitat suitability function and a two-dimensional mathematical model, a habitat suitability index model for Chinese sturgeon was established. The habitat suitability index model was validated by comparing measured data with predictions from the model. These comparisons showed that the computed results agreed well with the measured results, and the high calculated habitat suitability index (HSI) corresponded to high measured quantity of eggs per unit (1000 m3) discharge (CPUEd). The calculated habitat suitability index for Chinese sturgeon also showed that the habitat suitability index was better in 1999, before the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project, compared with the habitat suitability in 2003. Simulation results of different discharges from Gezhouba Dam predicted that flow discharges between 10,000 and 30,000 m3/s were most suitable for sturgeon spawning. 相似文献
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Wang Xiaohong Cheng Hairong Ye Guangzheng Yao Fan Wang Yuqin Jiao Yujun Zhu Wenfu Lan Bo Huang Haomin Ye Daiqi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(34):46186-46195
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are usually organic compounds with boiling point in the range of 50 to 260°C, pose a serious threat to... 相似文献