添加硫酸根对燃煤电厂V2O5基脱硝催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法分别制得活性物质V2O5的含量均为1%和SO2-4的含量不同的催化剂,并通过实验研究了添加SO-24对燃煤电厂SCR法脱硝技术中V2O5基催化剂活性和热稳定性的影响.在固定床反应器上,在NH3/NOx物质的量比为1.0和模拟烟气流量为72 L·h-1条件下,对几种催化剂的活性进行了测试,结果显示,当负载加入5.01%的SO2-4或使用含有8.91%的SO-24载体制备催化剂时,催化剂的活性提高最为显著;在TGA 92热重.差热分析仪上对这两种催化剂进行了热重实验,结果表明,添加的硫酸根对催化剂的热稳定性也有一定提高,且不会影响电厂SCR催化剂的使用.     

MnO_2催化KMnO_4氧化降解酚类化合物

研究了MnO2强化KMnO4氧化降解酚类化合物的效能与机制.在假一级动力学实验条件下(KMnO4初始浓度是目标有机物初始浓度的10倍),考察了KMnO4对酚类化合物(2-氯酚和4-氯酚)的氧化降解规律.发现在KMnO4氧化降解酚类化合物过程中存在着明显的自催化现象,即原位产生的胶体MnO2可以促进KMnO4对有机物的氧化降解.实验进一步考察了MnO2浓度、粒径大小和溶液pH对MnO2催化KMnO4氧化降解酚类化合物的影响.结果表明,外加胶体MnO2和颗粒MnO2都可以催化KMnO4氧化降解酚类化合物,而且假一级动力学常数(K)随着MnO2浓度(30～180μmol·L-1)的增加呈线性增加;与胶体MnO2相比,颗粒MnO2的催化能力较弱;随着溶液pH的增加,MnO2催化能力逐渐减弱.实验中还发现外加MnO2能够催化KMnO4氧化降解2-硝基酚(单独MnO2和KMnO4均不能将其氧化),但对于二甲基亚砜(其不具有与金属离子络合配位的能力)则没有催化作用.由此推测MnO2催化KMnO4氧化降解有机物的作用机制可能为表面吸附络合催化,即吸附在MnO2表面形成的络合物比存在于溶液中的有机物本身更易被KMnO4氧化.     

锰离子催化臭氧液相烟气脱硫实验研究

对Mn2+催化臭氧(O3)液相氧化脱除二氧化硫(SO2)进行了实验研究,以揭示Mn2+对臭氧液相氧化SO2的影响.采用标准碘量法测定了O3浓度曲线.实验比较了添加Mn2+前后吸收液对SO2的脱除效率,并研究了O3与SO2摩尔比([O3]/[SO2])、Mn2+浓度对SO2脱除效率的影响.在[O3]/[SO2]=0.5、未添加Mn2+时O3对SO2的氧化效率为35%,而添加Mn2+后的氧化效率达到70%.随着[O3]/[SO2]的增大,SO2脱除效率逐渐增加,而且脱除效率也随Mn2+浓度的增加而增加,合适的Mn2+浓度范围为1.2×10-2~1.2×10-1mol/L.     

固体高分子膜电解法(SPE)处理苯并红紫4B废水的研究

采用固体高分子膜作隔膜,以Pt网上附着的β-PbO2作催化剂,建立了一个高效的催化电解装置(SPE).用此装置处理难降解的苯并红紫4B模拟染料废水,苯并红紫4B的质量浓度为0.1 g/L.结果表明,此法对苯并红紫4B废水的色度和TOC具有良好的去除效果,催化电解过程中产生的原子氢对染料分子中发色键的破坏起决定性作用,当电流密度为0.24 A/era2、电压为3.9 V时,对染料苯并红紫废水,处理120min后,废水的色度明显下降,由处理前的红色变为几乎无色,TOC的去除率为42%,SO42-的生成率为78%.催化电解是染料废水绿色降解的重要途径之一.     

Fabrication of supported acid catalytic composite fibers by a simple and low-cost method and their application on the synthesis of liquid biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural

In this paper, sulfonic groups functionalized annealed bio-based carbon microspheres loaded polytetrafluoroethylene (A-BCMSs-SO3H@PTFE) fibers with high activity, high stability, and easy regeneration were successfully fabricated by a simple method using low-cost raw materials. The characterization results showed that the annealed biomass carbon microspheres derived from waste Camellia oleifera shells were evenly distributed on the polytetrafluoroethylene fibers and the sulfonic groups can be successfully loaded on the surface of annealed biomass carbon microspheres by room temperature sulfonation. Subsequently, the as-prepared A-BCMSs-SO3H@PTFE fibers were applied to the acid-catalyzed synthesis of liquid biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural. The catalytic experiment results indicated that the annealing temperature and time during catalyst preparation have a significant effect on the activity and selectivity of A-BCMSs-SO3H@PTFE fibers. The results of catalytic reaction kinetics showed that the yield of 5-ethoxymethylfurfural can reach more than 60％after 72 h of acid-catalyzed reaction. The stability test showed that the as-prepared A-BCMSs-SO3H@PTFE fibers still maintained a stable acid catalytic activity after four recycles.     

稀土催化剂在环保领域中的研究和应用

综述了稀土材料在催化剂中的作用机理,介绍了稀土催化剂在汽车尾气治理、烟气脱硫脱硝治理、室内空气净化、焦化污水处理以及其他领域的研究与应用进展,展望了稀土催化剂在环保产业中的发展前景。     

生物膜液相催化氧化烟气脱硫实验研究

用氧化亚铁硫杆菌在生物膜填料塔进行液相催化氧化脱硫是一种新型的经济有效的方法.脱硫效率受多种因素影响.本文分别研究了SO2入口质量浓度、喷淋液Fe2 浓度、喷淋率、空塔气速及喷淋液循环使用对脱硫效率的影响.结果表明,在最佳操作条件(SO2入口质量浓度小于2 000 mg/m3、喷淋液中Fe2 浓度≥0.06 mol/L、喷淋率约为12 L/m3h,空塔气速约为0.15 m/s)下,脱硫效率可达96%以上.还分析了在反应器中培养基连续循环使用对脱硫效果的影响.在本实验条件下,当喷淋液循环使用7次后,必须补充新鲜营养液,以保证较高的脱硫效率.     

Catalytic decomposition of low level ozone with gold nanoparticles supported on activated carbon

Highly dispersed gold nanoparticles were supported on coal-based activated carbon (AC) by a sol immobilization method and were used to investigate their catalytic activity for low-level ozone decomposition at ambient temperature. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the catalysts before and after ozone decomposition. The results showed that the supported gold nanoparticles prepared with microwave heating were much smaller and more uniformly dispersed on the activated carbon than those prepared with traditional conduction heating, exhibiting higher catalytic activity for ozone decomposition. The pH values of gold precursor solution significantly influenced the catalytic activity of supported gold for ozone decomposition, and the best pH value was 8. In the case of space velocity of 120000h⁻¹, inlet ozone concentration of 50mg/m³, and relative humidity of 45%, the Au/AC catalyst maintained the ozone removal ratio at 90.7% after 2500min. After being used for ozone decomposition, the surface carbon of the catalyst was partly oxidized and the oxygen content increased accordingly, while its specific surface area and pore volume only decreased a little. Ozone was mainly catalytically decomposed by the gold nanoparticles supported on the activated carbon.     

柴油机排气微粒过滤催化处理技术及进展

介绍了柴油机微粒后处理催化捕集器特点 ,评述了过滤器催化再生方法 ,综述了蜂窝陶瓷载体涂层及催化剂活性组分研究现状。重点阐述了微粒再生催化剂研究进展及其发展趋势     

Tetracycline removal via adsorption and metal-free catalysis with 3D macroscopic N-doped porous carbon nanosheets: Non-radical mechanism and degradation pathway

Recently, metal-based carbon materials have been verified to be an effective persulfate activator, but secondary pollution caused by metal leaching is inevitable. Hence, a green metalfree 3D macroscopic N-doped porous carbon nanosheets（NPCN） was synthesized successfully. The obtained NPCN showed high adsorption capacity of tetracycline（TC） and excellent persulfate（PS） activation ability, especially when calcined at 700 °C（NPCN-700）. The maximum adsorption capacity of NPCN-700 was 121.51 mg/g by ...