基于计算机控制实现原油自动计量

介绍了原油自动计量系统的构成、硬件配置、应用软件和应用效果。     

计算机辅助危险与可操作性分析在苯乙装置中的应用

介绍了计算机辅助危险与可操作性分析（CAD—HAZOP）建模过程及应用于苯乙烯装置苯塔系统的分析过程。分析结果表明,CAD—HAZOP可以高效快速地进行大型石化装置全流程的评价,更有利于揭示大型复杂系统中潜在的关联危险。     

Economic-balance hybrid LCA extended with uncertainty analysis: case study of a laptop computer

The emergence of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on the global stage as a design and policy tool increases the importance of assessing and managing uncertainty. This article develops and implements uncertainty methods for hybrid LCA. Hybrid LCA combines a bottom-up construction of the supply-chain based on facility-level data on material/energy use with a top-down economic input-output (EIO) model to account for processes for which direct data were unavailable. For the bottom-up part of the LCA, we account for variability in process and usage pattern data by developing parameter ranges. For the EIO side we develop a method to assess price uncertainty. These methods are explored through a case study examining energy use and carbon dioxide emissions of manufacturing and use of a laptop computer, a 2001 Dell Inspiron 2500. Results show that manufacturing the computer requires 3010-4340 MJ of primary energy, 52-67% less than the energy to make a desktop computer, and emits 227-270 kg CO₂. The manufacturing phase represents 62-70% of total primary energy of manufacturing and operation. This indicates, as for desktop computers, that mitigating manufacturing energy use, for example through extending lifespan, can be an important strategy to manage the life cycle energy of laptop computers. Results also indicate that truncation error from excluded processes in the bottom-up process model is significant, perhaps particularly so due to complex supply chains of information technology products.     

发射药贮存寿命预测技术研究进展

简述了发射药贮存寿命试验所用的自然环境长期贮存试验监测法和加速寿命试验方法的现状,对发射药寿命评价与预测所用的人工神经网络技术和计算机模拟技术进行了分析,阐明了现有技术的优缺点,论述了发射药贮存寿命试验与评价技术的发展趋势.     

Speciation and the bioavailability of actinide elements

A good understanding of the quantitative uptake of actinide elements from foodstuffs, across the mucosal cell membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, into man is of great importance in setting intake limits and in assessing radiation doses to critical organs.

In the past, such knowledge has been gained from the extrapolation of animal models to man. Whilst this strategy has proved useful in a number of cases, it is, unfortunately, phenomenological and the results prone to perturbation from factors such as the fasting state of the animal and the initial chemical form of the actinide.

The application of computer simulation models which can calculate the chemical speciation of an element in a variety of foodstuffs under conditions pertinent to the gastrointestinal tract offers a non‐invasive and general method for predicting the uptake of exogenous elements, like the actinides.

This paper reviews the current state of chemical speciation analysis with respect to bioavailability highlighting areas requiring further consideration, presenting results amplifying the issues raised and showing that computer simulation has a rôle to play in predicting quantitative uptake of the actinides.     

Flavonoids of 17 species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in Iran

Euphorbia is one of the largest genus in Euphorbiaceae with more than 2000 species in the world and about 100 species in Iran. Flavonoids characters of 17 collected Euphorbia species from different parts of Markazi Province, Iran area were studied. Aqueous-ethanolic extracts of leaves were examined to practice flavonoid detection, isolation, and identification by 2-Dimensional Paper Chromatography (2-DPC), Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and available standard flavonoids. Voucher specimens of each sample were prepared for reference as herbarium vouchers. Studies of leaf flavonoids showed some phytochemical characters such as total number of flavonoids, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, flavone, and dihydroflavonol glycoside are valuable for chemotaxonomy and their usage.     

计算机图形学的教学实践及在煤矿安全中的应用

计算机图形学主要是研究用计算机及图形设备输入、表示、变换、运算和输出图形的原理、算法及系统。在教学、实验及应用中有独特的特点。该文建议在教学中,将该课程分为知识案例教学、案例实验、系统学习、课程设计、应用系统开发和综合训练模块,合理组织教学内容。在授课过程中使用概念图技术,建立可视化教学模型,将其落实到教学实践后,收到了良好的效果,使课程更加形象、生动、具体,调动了学生学习的主动性和积极性。该课程可与煤矿的安全生产管理相结合后,在煤矿的生产系统设计、火灾和瓦斯爆炸、安全教育和技术培训等方面应用,可以提高组织、指挥、协调和控制效率,可有效提高煤矿生产安全及管理水平。     

带乘员及约束系统汽车正面碰撞的有限元法仿真研究

采用计算机模拟的方法,对国产某轿车发生正面碰撞时,乘员在佩带三点式安全带的约束状态下的运动响应进行研究,从乘员的运动响应情况、乘员舱的变形情况、假人的HIC值等几个方面分析了该车型的乘员保护安全性能.模拟结果表明,该车达到了安全法规的要求.并探讨了运用有限元法对带乘员及约束系统的整车正面碰撞的计算机模拟方法.     

规范废旧电脑的回收利用减少环境污染

指出电子信息时代废旧电脑的污染与危害,剖析了我国目前废旧电脑的回收与利用现状,从多个角度提出了规范废旧电脑回收利用的措施,有效地实现电脑垃圾处理的减量化、资源化、无害化,以达到减少环境污染的目的。     

大学生使用电脑及受其电磁辐射污染状况的调查

为了解目前高校内大学生拥有个人电脑的情况,以及大学生对其所产生电磁辐射污染的了解程度和受其危害程度,在南开大学本部选取有代表性的学生宿舍楼进行问卷调查.结果显示,大学生中个人电脑的普及率为45.7%,以电磁辐射强度相对大的阴极射线管(Cathod RayTube,CRT)显示器电脑为主,占64.9%;拥有个人电脑的大学生,平均每日使用电脑的时间长;学生使用电脑后出现不良症状(眼疼、头晕等)的比例高,为77.4%,女生对电磁辐射的敏感程度高于男生;随每日使用电脑时间的延长,出现不良症状的人数增加;大学生对电磁辐射的危害有所了解的人数比例为71.9%,但知道防护措施的仅为29.6%,使用防护屏的仅为5.4%.综合调查结果认为,大学生电脑普及率高,使用时间长,且对电脑电磁辐射无应有的防护,大多数大学生在一定程度上已经受到了电磁辐射的影响,大学生受电脑电磁辐射已经成为一个值得关注的新问题.