Information presentation compatibility in a simple digital control panel design: eye-tracking study

Various designs of typical digital control panels were analyzed experimentally from both the effectiveness and efficiency points of view. Subjects performed information comparison tasks aimed at keeping vehicle velocity at the same level. The experiment involved two versions of speedometers for displaying current and target velocities (clock-face and digital). The stimuli were also differentiated by the target velocity value (20, 50 and 80?km/h) and the correct response type (increase or decrease). Subjects’ performance results along with the eye-tracking data were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for all 24 experimental conditions.     

嵌入式技术在重大危险源监控预警中的应用

通过对重大危险源监控预警系统的功能需求分析，并结合嵌入式技术的特点，提出基于嵌入式系统的监控预警主机的设计方案。所设计的集过程监控预警与视频监控为一体的的监控预警主机，具有实际应用价值。     

Complementarity of No‐Take Marine Reserves and Individual Transferable Catch Quotas for Managing the Line Fishery of the Great Barrier Reef

Abstract: Changes in the management of the fin fish fishery of the Great Barrier Reef motivated us to investigate the combined effects on economic returns and fish biomass of no‐take areas and regulated total allowable catch allocated in the form of individual transferable quotas (such quotas apportion the total allowable catch as fishing rights and permits the buying and selling of these rights among fishers). We built a spatially explicit biological and economic model of the fishery to analyze the trade‐offs between maintaining given levels of fish biomass and the net financial returns from fishing under different management regimes. Results of the scenarios we modeled suggested that a decrease in total allowable catch at high levels of harvest either increased net returns or lowered them only slightly, but increased biomass by up to 10% for a wide range of reserve sizes and an increase in the reserve area from none to 16% did not greatly change net returns at any catch level. Thus, catch shares and no‐take reserves can be complementary and when these methods are used jointly they promote lower total allowable catches when harvest is relatively high and encourage larger no‐take areas when they are small.     

合肥市防震减灾计算机信息管理系统——我国城市防震减灾示范研究与应用介绍

城市防震减灾是当今世界各国政府和地震科学家共同关心的重大课题及重点工作。“九五”期间，我国先后在部分大中城市开展了防震减灾的示范研究，建立了先进的防震减灾计算机信息管理系统。本文全面介绍了该项示范研究的城市之一－合肥市震害预测与防震减灾计算机信息管下系统的主要内容、研究特色和取得的工作成果。该技术系统的完成，对推进我国城市防震减灾的科学化、现代化管理和实现防震减灾十年目标将发挥积极的作用。     

Numerical technique for estimating equilibrium concentrations from initial concentrations when using the freundlich adsorption equation

Abstract

The Freundlich equation, X/m = K C_e ^N, is frequently used to express the partitioning of pesticides between solid (soil, sediment) and aqueous phases. When designing adsorption‐desorption experiments, it would be useful to be able to estimate the equilibrium concentration, C_e, in terms of the initial concentration, C_o, if reasonable estimates of K and N can be made. Because of the usual non‐integer nature of N, only a numerical solution of the Freundlich equation is possible for C_e in terms of C_o. A simple computer program is presented which produces almost an exact solution for the value of C_e.     

WATER QUALITY MODELING IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE CHOWAN RIVER1

ABSTRACT: The Chowan River system consists of three rivers in southeast Virginia that form two confluences before flowing into Albermarle Sound in North Carolina. A computer program was written to simulate flows through the river system to determine flow rates, velocities, and depths. The output of the flow program was input into a second program that calculated the concentrations of BOD₅, COD, DO, and four nitrogen parameters (organic, ammonia, nitrite-nitrate and algal-N). Measured field data were used to calibrate the model. The effect of reducing the concentration of nutrients from overland runoff on algal concentrations at the mouth of the river was studied. The program was also run to simulate the water quality of the watershed in a primitive condition, in which the watershed was assumed to consist only of forests. The results of the computer program indicate that the major changes in the water quality of the river are simulated satisfactorily. The program can be used to assess the impact of any management scheme to improve water quality.     

SEARCH: A GAGED WATERSHED INVENTORY1

ABSTRACT: A method, adapted to an APL interactive terminal, is described which allows the operator to thoroughly search a large set of gaged watersheds in order to find sources of comparable hydrologic data for detailed analysis. Bases of the search - and inventory - include drainage basin size and elevation, and geographical and temporal parameters, and should enhance opportunities for more reliable use of existing data.     

PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND COST ESTIMATING FOR RESERVOIR PROJECTS1

ABSTRACT: In estimating the costs of a reservoir project, it is difficult to produce accurate costs without performing a detailed design and quantity takeoff. The computerized procedure presented in this article provides a method for determining these planning level costs quickly and easily, while maintaining reasonable accuracy.     

STATE VARIABLE MODEL FOR URBAN RAINFALL-RUNOFF PROCESS1

ABSTRACT: A nonlinear hydrologic system model has been developed for analyzing the urban rainfall-runoff process. The model is formulated as a state variable model consisting of several parameters. A search technique is employed to find the set of parameters for which the model's response best fits observed data. The model could be used in either a simulation or forecasting mode. The model is applied to observed data for the Waller Creek Watershed in Austin, Texas, to develop the model parameters for various levels of urbanization of the watershed. The trend of each parameter with respect to levels of urbanization is examined.     

INTERACTIVE COMPUTER-AIDED HYDRAULIC DESIGN: CULVERTS1

ABSTRACT: Regular use of interactive computer programs in hydraulic design can materially increase the productivity of designers without sacrificing accuracy. This article considers the hydraulic design of culverts by interactive use of a computer program; this approach most profitably combines the speed and accuracy of the computer with the experience of the designer.