空地协同模式在城市水环境监测中的应用研究

传统水质监测方法耗时且费力，而基于高光谱的水质监测技术可实现对水质的快速、直观、原位监测。以扬州古运河三湾段为研究区域，基于无人机高光谱成像仪与水质走航监测船相配合，采用空地协同模式和偏最小二乘回归算法对总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH₃-N）、高锰酸盐指数（I_Mn）4个水质参数进行定量反演研究。结果表明：该反演模型的决定系数（R²）为91%～97%；拟合效果依次为NH₃-N＞I_Mn＞TN＞TP；各指标反演误差绝对值为0.2%～4%。该方法具有较好的反演效果，可快速、准确地获取城市河道水质分布情况，适用于城市水环境监测。     

具有特定拓扑结构的聚烯烃高分子的合成

具有特定拓扑结构的聚合物合成一直是高分子合成化学领域的一个重要研究内容，设计和合成具有特定拓扑结构的聚烯烃高分子更是进一步发掘聚烯烃这一量大面广的通用高分子材料的性能、开拓其新的应用领域的重要手段。在催化剂和聚合方法的研究取得重要进展的基础上，近年来国际上在合成不同拓扑结构（包括嵌段、接枝、梳型和星型）的聚烯烃高分子研究方面发展也较快，所合成的部分高分子亦显示出独特的功能性。本文首先综述不同拓扑结构聚烯烃高分子合成的研究现状，然后结合近期化学所在此领域的研究进展，提出独特的以苯乙烯封端反应性聚烯烃为模块构建拓扑结构聚烯烃的新思路。     

恩诺沙星在含水氧化铝和含水氧化铁上的配位吸附及配位增溶效应

采用批平衡试验方法,研究了恩诺沙星(ENR)在含水氧化铝(HAO)和含水氧化铁(HFO)上的吸附行为.结果表明,恩诺沙星在两类不同含水氧化物上的吸附可以用Langmuir等温方程描述,其中,吸附平衡常数K_L (HFO) > K_L (HAO).当溶液中NaCl的浓度在0.01~0.50 mol·L^-1之间时,恩诺沙星的最大吸附量随着溶液离子强度的增大呈下降趋势,但吸附低浓度的恩诺沙星时,离子强度对吸附量的影响不大,表明此时两类含水氧化物对恩诺沙星的吸附均以配位反应为主.实验还发现,在较强的酸性或碱性环境中,恩诺沙星的吸附量都明显减小,配位吸附主要发生在pH为5~8的范围内,配位点主要发生在C-3羧基的位点上,形成ENR∶M (金属离子) =1∶1型的配合物,同时生成的表面配合物促进了恩诺沙星的溶解.     

基于熵理论的河流水环境评价及应用

在经济社会不断发展的今天,环境问题越来越突出,分析和评价环境问题已经不能仅从单一角度进行,而是要从综合、系统的角度来对待,引入系统熵理论,通过结合熵理论的指标值权重求解方法和协调度的指标达标计算方法来建立河流水环境评价模型,并以深圳市龙岗河2007年4个监测点全年水质平均监测数据为算例对该区域的河流水环境进行评价,得出龙岗河上游水质优于下游水质,以及沿河排污、中游污水处理工程对水质变化的作用,探讨该方法的可行性。     

黑龙江三江自然保护区湿地保护法律问题研究

长期以来,黑龙江三江自然保护区湿地由于人口的增长、经济开发活动频繁增加,社会公众和管理者对湿地的功能和综合价值缺乏足够的认知,对其只是索取,而缺乏有效的保护,致使湿地生态环境发生了重大变化,造成水环境污染严重,土壤沙化、盐碱化面积不断扩大,灾害性气候频繁发生,动植物等生物多样性急剧减少,这与中国可持续发展的战略主旨及世界潮流相悖.在此,对黑龙江三江自然保护区湿地的现存问题进行分析,以期通过完善区域专项立法、建立湿地专管机构和湿地管理专项资金、完善管理协调机制、建立湿地环境影响评价制度和生态补偿制度、完善环境保护相关法律责任等途径,切实做到对湿地的保护和开发利用并重.     

城市人居环境与经济发展协调性分析——以南充市城市建成区为例

城市人居环境与经济协调发展是实现南充市可持续发展的重要途径。文章利用主成分分析法，求出1997—2006年南充市城市建成区人居环境与经济系统的综合发展指标，分析近10年城市人居环境与经济协调程度。     

80年代中国宁夏的“吊庄”：农村区域开发和协调人地关系的新模式

宁夏回族自治区南部以人口超载导致的贫困和水土流失严重著称于世。针对区域开发的这些限制性因素,选择以协调人地关系为指导思想的“吊庄”模式,取得了良好的综合效益。本文主要论述了吊庄移民规划的方针、原则、理论依据、效益和成功经验。     

水资源约束下的山东半岛经济与环境协调状态定量评价研究

山东半岛是山东省和我国东部沿海地区经济、社会较为发达的地区之一．也是人口密度大、自然资源特别是水资源紧张的地送。随着经济规模的不断扩大，山东半岛水资源与水环境对经济、社会发展的制约作用最为明显。本研究旨在探寻山东半岛经济社会发展与水资源和水环境的协调状况．在此基础上提出经济社会发展与水资源和水环境协调的对策措施。本文在广泛占有资料和调查研究的基础上．通过计算山东半岛水资源的总量、水资源供需平衡及水资源利用效益．分析了当前水资源的开发利用现状．指明了因为不合理开发利用而导致的环境生态后果。运用特尔斐法和AHP法构建了新的评价指标体系．定量评价了山东半岛当前经济发展与资源、环境的协调程度。结果表明山东半岛正处于由弱协调型向基本协调型的过渡阶段．为实现山东半岛经济和社会的可持续发展．提供了理论依据。     

Disaster coordination preparedness of soft-target organisations

This paper introduces a network‐enabled model to examine the disaster coordination preparedness of soft‐target organisations (STOs). Little attention is devoted to this matter in recent research. This study places emphasis on such organisations and the proposed model tests hypotheses related to network relation and coordination preparedness. It analyses the data set entitled ‘Preparedness of large retail malls to prevent and respond to terrorist attack, 2004′, which contains 120 completed surveys of security directors of retail malls in the United States. ¹ 1 See http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/TPDRC/studies/21140 .
The following questions form the basis of this study: ‘What do STOs need to be better prepared to respond to a disaster?’; ‘How does network relationship between STOs and emergency agencies affect the coordination preparedness of STOs for disaster recovery?’; and ‘Which centrality measure needs to be followed to measure network variables in order to analyse coordination preparedness?’ The results show that STOs with a high level of connectedness and strong ties to other emergency agencies are better prepared for disaster response.     

Cross-Boundary Coordination on Forested Landscapes: Investigating Alternatives for Implementation

Cross-boundary coordination is a tool for ecosystem management whereby landowners voluntarily coordinate management practices toward economic and/or ecological landscape-scale outcomes (e.g., fiber, invasive species control, habitat). Past research indicates that it may be particularly applicable on landscapes that include small forest landholdings. To explore alternatives by which coordination might occur, we conducted seven focus groups with landowners (n = 51) who actively manage their forests in southwest Wisconsin and northeast Iowa. Focus group participants were presented with three hypothetical alternatives to coordinate with their neighbors; landowners could self-organize, work with a natural resource professional (i.e., forester), or work with an organization to complete a cross-boundary practice. In this article, we focus on the latter two alternatives and the role of two social theories—principal-agent and cooperation—in explaining landowners’ evaluations of these alternatives. Key findings are that (1) cross-boundary coordination has the potential to alleviate problems between landowners and resource professionals inherent to their typical working relationship, and (2) social relationships are a major factor contributing to landowners’ willingness to participate. We posit that cross-boundary coordination offers a non-economic incentive for landowners to work together as it may reduce the uncertainty associated with hiring a resource professional. At the same time, professionals can provide a bridging function among landowners who are unacquainted. To achieve these outcomes and expand the adoption of cross-boundary coordination, we suggest four guidelines. First, foster dialogue among landowners toward shared cognition and oversight. Second, match landowners’ practices and objectives such that there are clear benefits to all. Third, develop relationships through low risk activities where possible. Fourth, do not expect on-going commitments.