Level of coordinated development in economy and environment

ＬｅｖｅｌｏｆｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｅｃｏｎｏｍｙａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＺｈａｎｇＱｉｄｅ，ＷａｎｇＹｕｘｉｕ，ＲｅｎＪｉｎｓｏｎｇＬｉａｏｎｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎＳｃｉ...     

俄罗斯环境管理问题所引发的法律思考

对俄罗斯的环境管理观念，相关环境法律规定的生态化要求，联邦及联邦各主体两级关系协调化以及环境管理手段的经济化与多样化倾向等问题作了着重分析，并鉴于中俄在历史上社会与经济制度的关联性及正处经济转轨的共同性，希望通过比较中俄两国在历史和现实发展中存在的异同与联系，以求能为我国进一步的环境管理立法提供借鉴性的思考。     

Collaborative emergency management: better community organising, better public preparedness and response

Community coordination requires communication and planning of precautions to take when faced with a severe threat of disaster. The unique case of the four Florida hurricanes of 2004--Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne--is used here to assess community responses to repeated threats of hurricanes. The paper examines how effectiveness in coordinating community disaster response efforts affects future public preparedness. The findings suggest that pre-season planning, open communication between emergency managers and elected officials, and the use of technology all had a significant impact on community responses. The repeated threat scenario indicates that emergency managers must work vigilantly to keep residents informed of the seriousness of a situation. The study describes how emergency managers in Florida countered public complacency during four hurricanes in six weeks. The strategies identified as useful by public managers in the context of hurricanes are applicable to other natural and man-made disasters.     

城市化与生态环境耦合协调关系研究——以杭州市为例

为了探索城市化与生态环境之间的耦合协调关系,以杭州市为研究对象,构建了城市化与生态环境评价指标体系,并利用耦合协调度模型,定量分析了杭州市2003—2016年城市化与生态环境的发展水平状况和两者之间的耦合协调关系及变化趋势.结果表明:经济城市化和生态环境压力分别对城市化子系统和生态环境子系统的贡献份额最大;耦合协调度受城市化子系统和生态环境子系统贡献份额比例(α/β)的影响很小,受城市化子系统与生态环境子系统的综合发展水平的影响较大;城市化与生态环境的耦合协调类型由"基本不协调-城市化滞后"发展到"高度协调-城市化滞后",再发展到"高度协调-生态环境滞后"阶段.在城市化快速发展的驱动下,生态环境滞后的问题凸显.因此,在研究制定城市化发展战略时应重点关注城市化过程中对生态环境的影响,以改善生态环境质量,实现两者协调发展.     

乡镇街道尺度国土“三生”空间功能评价及协调关系

乡镇街道尺度国土“三生”空间功能评价及协调关系研究更面向国土空间优化过程中的人本需求导向和基层精细化治理。研究提出“分维功能评价—协调水平测算—作用方向判别”的整套思路框架。其中,兼顾空间隶属和空间质量双重属性构建“三生”空间功能综合评价指标体系,运用耦合协调模型和双变量空间自相关模型探究功能间协调水平及各自对整体协调的作用方向,并以苏州市为例进行实证分析。结果表明：（1）所构建分析框架、指标体系及技术方法路径具有科学性和普适性特点,能够在乡镇街道尺度有效识别“三生”空间功能分布格局和空间协调关系。（2）在乡镇街道尺度的较高标准约束下,苏州市“三生”空间功能具有较显著城乡差异和区域差异,且“三生”空间功能协调整体水平呈现“大分散、小集聚”的分布特征,协调水平主要受生产、生活空间功能同向作用,生态空间功能的协同作用不足、多呈现反向关系。（3）从城区、乡镇、生态单元等不同空间类型提升“三生”空间综合功能,完善基层国土空间治理的精细化,在更大尺度上实现“三生”空间的整体协调,构建功能复合、风貌相宜、协调共进的国土空间格局。     

Differences in Eye and Hand Movements of Novice and Experienced Press Operators

Presses are very widely used in industrial and commercial companies and are often the source of serious accidents occurring during operation. Most of the accidents are due to inadequate training of novice operators. Continuous recordings of eye and hand movements of five novice operators and five experienced operators in press operation were made. Significant difference between novice and experienced operators was observed in eye fixation time, eye movement patterns, hand dwell time, and eye-hand coordination. Also, differences were observed in spatial distribution of eye fixations during the die-closing portion of a stroke. There were no significant differences between novice and experienced operators in the eye and the hand movement time. The results could be used as basic data to establish a guide determining the method and training period to train novice operators.     

Dynamics of the Coordination of Economy-Society and Resource-Environment in Shandong Peninsula,China

Abstract

Shandong Peninsula, as a more developed region in Shandong Province even the east coast of China, is facing challenges from resources and environment pressures. This paper tried to track and assess the coordination status and the dynamic between resource-environment and economy-society systems in Shandong Peninsula during 2001—2008 in order to provide decision support for regional sustainability. An appraisal index system was built including five aspects of harmony degree (A), sustainability degree (B), opening degree (C), stability degree (D) and controllability degree (E). The results showed that: 1) The coordination level of resource-environment and economy-society in Shandong Peninsula has continuously grown, and it has undergone three stages: no coordinated degree (2001–2002), weak coordinated degree (2003–2006) and basically coordinated degree (2007– 2008). 2) Five indexes of criterion hierarchy also increased overall, but each index showed different trends. Harmony degree, sustainability degree and opening degree rose all the time, while stability degree and controllability degree alternately rose and fell. The improvement of controllability degree was the slowest. 3) The aggravating trend of environmental pollution was slowing down. The economic growth was driven by industrial growth and urbanization typically and investment was still the main force to pull the regional economic growth. At the same time, technology and education were becoming more and more important for economic growth. The level of foreign capital utility declined and the geographical advantage of Shandong Peninsula was exerted. Meanwhile some characteristics of knowledge economy were presenting. Water resources become the main constraint factor of fast development in Shandong Peninsula. It is necessary to further strengthen the coordination ability of government on regional sustainable development.     

基于时空理念的区域协调度模型及实证分析

以区域关系的实质为着眼点,将协调度的内涵界定为度量系统之间或系统内部之间协调状况好坏的定量指标,以此为基础,从社会经济和资源环境2个子系统之间的协调性入手,选择指标构建评价模型,对1990-2003年新疆区域发展的协调性进行了阶段性分析,结果表明社会经济子系统及资源环境子系统发展水平在波动中提升,2个子系统之间的协调性整体上在逐步改善;从空间上对新疆87个县市协调性进行了对比分析,结果表明空间差异性较大.     

山地城市地貌环境问题研究

运用环境学和地貌学的理论和方法,分析了重庆城市的环境特点和问题。结果表明,重庆城市地貌环境问题严重,城市地貌环境的致灾性强,大气污染的地貌环境作用显著和城市地貌环境质量的人为退化等。并提出了城市地貌环境保护和治理措施。     

Region-gridding recycling of bulk organic waste: Emerging views based on coordinated urban and rural development

Bulk organic waste (BOW) has a large output in China. The improper disposal of BOW will not only bring serious environmental pollution, but also cause waste of biomass resources. The viewpoint proposes a region-gridding recycling management system of BOW that highlights the coordinated development of environmental, agricultural and energy elements in urban and rural areas. The viewpoint aims to drive the upstream and downstream industrial chains of BOW treatments, avoid the repeated construction of resource facilities, guide the upgrading of resource-based technologies, promote the professionalization of farmers, and thus built the high-quality modern agricultural recycling industrial park based on system management.